土地整治项目区耕地资源优化配置研究

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190404

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

耕地细碎化会导致农业生产效率降低、土地利用可持续性下降、耕地撂荒增多等多种农业问题,土地整治是当前中国改善耕地细碎化的重要途径之一。为探索适宜的土地整治计量模型以解决耕地资源优化配置问题,基于多目标线性规划,从工程设计、权属调整、地块分配三方面构建土地整治项目区耕地资源优化配置模型,并选取典型土地整治项目进行案例分析。研究结果表明：通过模型优化,案例区农业生产消耗降低了20.41%、地块平均规模增大了53.72%、户均地块数降低了34.92%,平均耕作距离减小了68.17%,可促进耕地细碎化问题的改善,有利于农业生产效率的提升。研究对丰富土地整治规划设计方法,推动耕地细碎化问题解决具有参考和借鉴意义。

关键词: 土地整治, 耕地, 多目标线性规划, 权属调整, 空间优化配置

Abstract:

Fragmentation of cultivated land will lead to the reduction of agricultural production efficiency, the decline of land use sustainability and the shortage of cultivated land. Land consolidation is one of the important ways to improve the fragmentation of cultivated land in China. In order to explore suitable land consolidation model to solve the problem of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources, this study constructs a model of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources based on multi-objective linear programming model from three aspects: engineering design, ownership adjustment and plots allocation, and selects a typical land consolidation project for case analysis. Then it compares the model optimization and actual land consolidation results with the pre-consolidation from the aspects of agricultural production consumption, improvement of arable land morphology and location, and ownership status. The results show that: (1) Through the optimization of the model, the agricultural cost in the project area, the average number of plots per farmer, and the average cultivation distance decreased by 20.41%, 34.92%, and 68.17%, respectively, while the average size of the plot increased by 53.72%. The fragmentation of cultivated land is reduced and the agricultural production efficiency is improved. However, compared with the typical foreign land consolidation project, there is still much room for improvement in the allocation of cultivated land. (2) The current land consolidation methods have played a positive role in increasing the average size of plots and improving the shape of plots. However, there are still deficiencies in reducing the farming distance of farmers, increasing the adjacency of cultivated roads, and promoting the concentration of cultivated land property rights. (3) Combining land consolidation with land ownership adjustment plays an important role in reducing the agricultural production consumption caused by land fragmentation and inconvenient farming and improving agricultural production efficiency. The research is of significance for enriching planning and designing methods of land consolidation and promoting the solution to the issue of fragmentation of cultivated land.

Key words: land consolidation, cultivated land, multi-objective linear programming, ownership adjustment, optimum allocation of space

韩博, 金晓斌, 孙瑞, 项晓敏, 刘晶, 曹帅, 周寅康. 土地整治项目区耕地资源优化配置研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 718-731.

HAN Bo, JIN Xiao-bin, SUN Rui, XIANG Xiao-min, LIU Jing, CAO Shuai, ZHOU Yin-kang. Optimized allocation of cultivated land in land consolidation project area based on multi-objective linear programming[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(4): 718-731.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

多目标线性规划模型参数表"

运行参数	诚忠村	祖全村	南场村	范沟村
农户个数 $m$ /户	744	863	634	276
田块个数 $n$ /个	128	129	126	34
决策变量数/个	95232	111327	79884	9384
约束条件数/个	1616	1855	1394	586
迭代次数/次	8372506	10248749	8554171	13912027
运行时间/小时	81	97	82	104

表1

图6

图7

表2

表3

表4

表5

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对象	土地整治			模型优化		国外案例
对象	整治前	整治后	变化率/%	整治后	变化率/%	整治前	整治后	变化率/%
形状要素消耗/GU	7212.54	6253.78	-13.29	6082.06	-15.67	—	—	—
平均形状要素消耗/(GU/hm²)	6.47	5.41	-16.38	5.26	-18.70	2.25	1.60	-28.89
距离要素消耗/GU	1512.20	1562.87	3.35	861.73	-43.01	—	—	—
平均距离要素消耗/(GU/hm²)	1.36	1.35	-0.74	0.75	-44.85	—	—	—
总消耗/GU	8724.74	7816.65	-10.39	6943.79	-20.41	—	—	—
平均消耗/(GU/ hm²)	7.83	7.02	-10.34	6.23	-20.43	—	—	—

对象	土地整治			模型优化
对象	整治前	整治后	变化率/%	整治后	变化率/%
地块个数/个	4264	2998	-29.69	2775	-34.92
地块平均规模/m²	2539.99	3642.84	43.42	3904.49	53.72
规模地块数/个	1202	1406	16.97	1484	23.46
规模地块比例/%	28.19	46.90	79.74	53.48	75.59
平均地块形状指数	1.59	1.17	-26.42	1.30	-18.24
平均地块周长/m	225.11	265.28	17.84	247.34	9.88
平均地块长度/m	82.95	91.38	10.16	98.73	19.02
平均地块宽度/m	29.61	41.26	39.34	34.94	18.00
平均地块长宽比	4.41	2.77	-37.19	5.21	27.21

对象	实际土地整治			模型优化
对象	整治前	整治后	变化率/%	整治后	变化率/%
平均运输距离/m	79.53	82.31	3.50	78.46	-1.35
平均灌溉距离/m	364.59	374.63	2.75	369.05	1.22
临路地块数/个	1858	1203	-35.25	1459	-21.47
临路地块比例/%	43.57	40.13	-7.90	52.58	20.68

对象	土地整治			模型优化
对象	整治前	整治后	变化率/%	整治后	变化率/%
农户个数/户	2571	2571	0	2571	0
户均地块数/(个/户)	1.66	1.17	-29.52	1.08	-34.94
集中经营农户个数/个	1393	1668	19.74	2027	5.51
集中经营农户比例/%	54.18	64.88	19.75	78.84	45.51
平均耕作距离/m	446.57	462.09	3.48	142.14	-68.17
累计耕作距离/km	1904.17	1385.35	-27.24	394.44	-79.29