自然资源学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 288-300.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190206
收稿日期:
2018-07-16
修回日期:
2018-12-03
出版日期:
2019-02-28
发布日期:
2019-02-28
作者简介:
作者简介:董禹麟(1993- ),男,河北承德人,硕士,研究方向为生态遥感。E-mail: woorin5789@126.com
基金资助:
DONG Yu-lin1,2(), YU Hao2,3, WANG Zong-ming2, LI Ming-yu1(
)
Received:
2018-07-16
Revised:
2018-12-03
Online:
2019-02-28
Published:
2019-02-28
Contact:
LI Ming-yu
E-mail:woorin5789@126.com;leemy@ybu.edu.cn
摘要:
基于Landsat TM/OLI遥感数据,采用面向对象的图像分析方法,提取1990年和2015年朝鲜土地覆被信息,定量描绘土地覆被变化。结果表明:25年间朝鲜土地覆被共变化1.1×104 km2,林地和湿地分别减少4976.1 km2、203.3 km2,耕地和人工表面分别增加4821.5 km2、80 km2;耕地面积增加明显,94.6%的耕地来源于林地,两者的主要转化区在海拔为100~1000 m、坡度为 8°~35°的坡地;黄海北道的土地覆被变化最显著,其次是平安南道,两江道最不明显。人口增长、经济环境退化和宏观政策的调控等人为因素是推动朝鲜土地覆被变化的主要原因。本文弥补了朝鲜长时间尺度土地覆被变化研究的空白,同时为东北亚地区土地资源可持续利用和生态环境保护奠定了基础。
董禹麟, 于皓, 王宗明, 李明玉. 1990-2015年朝鲜土地覆被变化及驱动力分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(2): 288-300.
DONG Yu-lin, YU Hao, WANG Zong-ming, LI Ming-yu. Land cover change of DPRK and its driving forces from 1990 to 2015[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(2): 288-300.
表3
1990-2015年朝鲜各行政区土地覆被类型面积变化"
行政区 | 林地 | 耕地 | 水体 | 人工表面 | 草地 | 裸土地 | 湿地 | 火烧迹地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
慈江道 | -1190.1 | +1154.1 | +41.3 | +6.4 | -4.0 | -6.0 | -0.4 | +0.7 |
黄海北道 | -673.5 | +652.9 | +13.1 | +6.8 | +0.1 | +0.0 | -0.4 | |
黄海南道 | -90.0 | +124.4 | +4.5 | +7.0 | -1.0 | +0.3 | -43.4 | -1.5 |
江原道 | -616.7 | +496.8 | +85.3 | +1.3 | +31.7 | +0.7 | +0.5 | +0.5 |
开城工业区 | -15.7 | +7.4 | +1.7 | +5.4 | +1.5 | -0.3 | ||
两江道 | -106.6 | +45.0 | +58.6 | +9.9 | +37.8 | -18.7 | -2.1 | -23.8 |
平安北道 | -452.4 | +464.9 | +71.9 | +3.8 | +10.3 | -99.3 | -0.1 | |
平安南道 | -874.1 | +870.8 | +49.4 | +14.8 | +1.2 | -2.0 | -59.6 | +0.0 |
平壤特别市 | -117.4 | +112.2 | +3.4 | +10.7 | -1.8 | -7.1 | ||
咸镜北道 | -354.0 | +447.8 | +4.8 | +1.6 | -42.7 | -56.5 | -1.3 | |
咸镜南道 | -485.6 | +445.3 | +53.6 | +12.4 | -7.4 | -7.1 | +1.4 | -13.1 |
表4
1990-2015年朝鲜土地覆被类型转化表"
1990-2015年各类型间转化 | 林地 | 耕地 | 水体 | 人工表面 | 草地 | 裸土地 | 湿地 | 火烧迹地 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
林地 | 面积/km2 | 5430.3 | 80.2 | 11.1 | 88.7 | 12.7 | 0.9 | 22.8 | |
比例/% | 96.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.4 | ||
耕地 | 面积/km2 | 440.7 | 344.1 | 78.7 | 20.2 | 17.0 | 14.1 | 0 | |
比例/% | 48.2 | 37.6 | 8.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0 | ||
水体 | 面积/km2 | 12.4 | 146.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 61.8 | 0 | |
比例/% | 5.5 | 64.9 | 0.4 | 0 | 1.9 | 27.4 | 0 | ||
人工表面 | 面积/km2 | 0.6 | 8.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | |
比例/% | 5.2 | 72.6 | 1.0 | — | 21.3 | — | — | ||
草地 | 面积/km2 | 67.5 | 24.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | |
比例/% | 69.4 | 25.3 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 4.1 | — | — | ||
裸土地 | 面积/km2 | 94.5 | 15.1 | 8.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | |
比例/% | 79.5 | 12.7 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | — | — | ||
湿地 | 面积/km2 | 5.7 | 101.5 | 171.8 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | |
比例/% | 2.0 | 36.2 | 61.2 | 0.4 | — | 0.2 | — | ||
火烧迹地 | 面积/km2 | 49.1 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0 | |
比例/% | 71.2 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
表5
土地覆被变化与地形因子的空间分析结果"
土地覆被类型 | 林地 | 耕地 | 水体 | 人工表面 | 草地 | 裸土地 | 湿地 | 火烧迹地 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高程/m | 0~100 | -581.4 | +579.8 | +142.8 | +54.5 | +2.3 | +3.0 | -200.8 | -1.1 |
100~300 | -1581.2 | +1449.2 | +100.8 | +10.8 | +25.8 | +4.2 | -0.45 | -8.8 | |
300~500 | -1506.7 | +1463.8 | +42.2 | +3.9 | -4.9 | -1.3 | +0.1 | +3.3 | |
500~1000 | -1443.8 | +1410.8 | +56.7 | +7.5 | -6.5 | -2.4 | -1.2 | -21.0 | |
1000~2 000 | +82.7 | -82.2 | +44.9 | +3.4 | +6.9 | -36.2 | -1.0 | -18.5 | |
2000~2727 | +54.3 | +0.1 | -8.0 | -46.4 | |||||
坡度/° | 0~5 | -323.0 | +233.4 | +218.9 | +52.2 | +15.9 | -12.9 | -173.5 | -10.9 |
5~8 | -500.4 | +459.0 | +65.7 | +13.6 | -3.3 | -9.5 | -19.3 | -5.7 | |
8~15 | -1561.7 | +525.0 | +62.3 | +9.7 | +1.1 | -17.9 | -8.8 | -9.7 | |
15~25 | -1830.2 | +1832.4 | +28.9 | +3.8 | +1.9 | -21.5 | -1.4 | -14.0 | |
25~35 | -661.1 | +669.4 | +8.9 | +0.6 | +0.5 | -12.9 | -0.3 | -5.2 | |
35~87 | -99.8 | +102.5 | +2.8 | +0.2 | -0.4 | -4.5 | -0.1 | -0.6 |
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