国家湿地公园时空格局特征

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用标准差椭圆、点模式分析、统计分析等方法,运用ArcGIS可视化技术,从时间和空间视角分析国家湿地公园的空间格局特征,并探究其与城市的区位关系。研究表明：（1）国家湿地公园在时间序列上分为试点起步阶段、发展与成长阶段和规范发展阶段,各地发展不均衡,“质”的发展不同步于“量”,正式国家湿地公园处于规范发展的起步时期;（2）多尺度空间研究表明正式国家湿地公园空间以聚集分布形态为主,随机分布为辅,整体呈东北—西南分布格局,形成2个高密度热点区和3个中密度次热点区;（3）从城市尺度看,正式国家湿地公园呈现较大空间异质性,具有偏向城市规划区内或靠近城市规划区分布的特征;（4）正式国家湿地公园呈现为人口格局主导特征,响应了胡焕庸线的指导意义。

关键词: 湿地公园, 时空格局, 标准差椭圆, 点模式分析, 统计分析

Abstract:

As one of the protected areas, the wetland park has played an important role in protecting the wetland habitat. On one hand, the wetland park can be an important infrastructure for ecosystem research on exploring the contradiction between the vulnerability of ecologically fragile areas and the maintenance of original habitat of wetland, which shows both theoretic significance and practical value for systematic research on wetland parks. On the other hand, spatial analysis of the wetland park is an important basis for systematic construction of wetland parks. It can not only visualize the current spatial structure of wetland parks, but also reflect the wetland resources utilization and wetland management efficiency, which can provide the scientific basis for the spatial construction of wetland parks. Therefore, based on ArcGIS visualization technology, the spatial pattern characteristics of National Wetland Park (NWP) was analyzed from the perspective of time and space and its location relationships with the cities was explored by using Standard Deviation Ellipse, Point Pattern Analysis, Statistical Analysis and other methods. Results show the following four points: (1) China's NWP has gone through three stages, the starting stage, the rapid development stage and the standard development stage from time series. The amount of NWP is unevenly distributed in different provinces, and the correlation between the development of quality and quantity is not synchronized. Till now, Official National Wetland Park (ONWP) is at the beginning stage of standard development. (2) From multiple scale, an aggregated distribution pattern is emerging, supplemented by random distribution for ONWP. And the overall distribution pattern tends to be in a northeast-southwest direction, forming two high-density hot spots and three medium-density sub-hot spots. (3) From urban scale, the distribution of ONWP presents a large spatial heterogeneity and has the characteristics of being partial to the urban planning areas or being close to the urban planning areas. (4) At last, the distribution of ONWP presents the dominant characteristics of population pattern, which coincides with the guiding significance of Heihe-Tengchong Line.

Key words: wetland park, spatio-temporal pattern, Standard Deviational Ellipse, Point Pattern Analysis, Statistical Analysis

周婷, 牛安逸, 马姣娇, 徐颂军. 国家湿地公园时空格局特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(1): 26-39.

Ting ZHOU, An-yi NIU, Jiao-jiao MA, Song-jun XU. Spatio-temporal pattern of national wetland parks[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(1): 26-39.

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年份	相关规范导则
2008	《国家湿地公园评估标准》（LY/T 1754-2008）
2008	《国家湿地公园建设规范》（LY/T 755-2008）
2010	《国家湿地公园管理办法（试行）》（林湿发〔2010〕1号）
	《国家湿地公园总体规划导则》（林湿综字〔2010〕7号）
	《国家湿地公园试点验收办法（试行）（林办湿字〔2010〕191号）
2011	《关于做好申报拟建国家湿地公园（试点）影像资料的通知》（林湿综字〔2011〕16号）
2012	《全国湿地保护工程“十二五”实施规划》
2013	《湿地保护管理规定》（国家林业局令第32号）
2013	《推进生态文明建设规划纲要（2013-2020年）》（林规发〔2013〕146号（国家林业局）
2014	《关于进一步加强国家湿地公园建设管理的通知》（办湿字〔2014〕6号）

年份	沿x轴的标准差/km	沿y轴的标准差/km	转角θ /(°)
2011	791.47	1071.21	39.09
2013	721.97	1254.07	32.34
2014	881.14	1147.08	34.80
2015	1113.85	855.86	49.18
2016	985.81	1111.30	41.95
2017	1086.40	1263.45	42.60

最邻近距离	特征值
最邻近距离	统计量	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	方差	偏度	峰度	变异系数
NWP	248	0.0282	3.9097	0.5373	0.5146	0.265	2.796	11.292	0.9578
NUWP	53	0.0302	2.0755	0.3517	0.4024	0.162	2.189	6.017	1.1442