高速铁路对中国资源型城市区位的影响

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

资源型城市区位偏远被认为是制约资源型城市转型和可持续发展的重要因素。随着高速铁路的迅速发展,资源型城市的区位条件是否得到改善?以国务院确定的126个地级资源型城市为研究对象,以资源型城市所在省的省会城市和与资源型城市联系紧密的北京、上海、广州三个区域中心城市为参照对象,利用时间距离的计算方法,对高速铁路（D车、G车）对资源型城市区位的影响进行分类型和分地区的评价。研究表明：（1）总体上看,高速铁路恶化了资源型城市的区位。相对于D车,G车的影响更显著;（2）D车和G车对资源型城市区位的影响具有一致性,在一定程度上说明D车和G车在空间布局上具有重叠性;（3）分资源类型看,成熟型资源型城市既是区位改善最明显的城市,也是区位恶化最明显的城市;（4）分地区看,中部地区的资源型城市区位改善最明显,西部地区的资源型城市区位恶化最明显。在此基础上,进一步提出政策启示。

关键词: 资源型城市, 区位, 高速铁路, 中国

Abstract:

The remote location of resource-based cities is considered to be an important factor restricting the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities. With the rapid development of high-speed rail, has the location of resource-based cities been improved? In this paper, with the State Council identifying 126 resources-based cities as the case cities, taking the provincial capital cities of resources-based cities located in these provinces and three regional central cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou which are closely linked to resources-based cities as the reference objects, using the calculation method of time distance, the location of resources-based cities was evaluated among different development types and different regions. The research shows that: (1) From the perspective of overall sample, due to the impact of high-speed railway, the location of resource-based cities has deteriorated. Compared with D-series trains, the impact of G-series trains is even more pronounced. (2) D-series trains and G-series trains have a consistent effect on the locations of resource-based cities. To a certain extent, D-series trains and G-series trains have an overlapping layout in spatial distribution. (3) From the perspective of resource types, the mature resource-based cities are not only the cities with the most obvious improvements of locations, but also the cities with the most obvious deterioration of locations. (4) From the perspective of different regions, the central region is the region with the most obvious improvement of locations, and the western region is the region with the most obvious deterioration of locations.

Key words: resources-based cities, location, high-speed railway, China

孙威, 王晓楠, 刘艳军. 高速铁路对中国资源型城市区位的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.

Wei SUN, Xiao-nan WANG, Yan-jun LIU. The impact of high-speed rail on the location of resources-based cities in China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.

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类型	资源型城市
没有通普通列车且没有通高速铁路	雅安、保山、普洱、临沧、泸州、马尔康
没有通普通列车却通高速铁路	湖州、云浮、龙岩、广安

省份	到区域中心城市（省会城市）需中转的城市	中转城市	省份	到区域中心城市（省会城市）需中转的城市	中转城市
河北	承德	北京（北京）	河南	平顶山、焦作	郑州
山西	长治	新乡（榆次）	河南	南阳、濮阳	郑州
	临汾、运城、吕梁	太原	江苏	宿迁	徐州（徐州）
	晋城	新乡	安徽	滁州	（南京）
内蒙古	赤峰	（沙岭子）		马鞍山	南京（芜湖、铜陵、南京）
内蒙古	呼伦贝尔	沈阳		亳州		商丘
辽宁	本溪、抚顺	沈阳		淮南	蚌埠
吉林	通化	沈阳（四平）	池州	南京
	白山	沈阳	宣城		芜湖
	延吉	长春	淮北		徐州
	松原、辽源	沈阳、长春	铜陵		合肥
黑龙江	七台河	哈尔滨（牡丹江）	江西	赣州	南昌
	黑河、伊春	哈尔滨	江西	景德镇	鹰潭
	鹤岗、牡丹江	哈尔滨	湖北	鄂州	汉口、武汉
	鸡西	哈尔滨、牡丹江	湖北	黄石	汉口、南昌
	双鸭山	哈尔滨、佳木斯	四川	广元	西安（绵阳）
	加格达奇	齐齐哈尔、哈尔滨		自贡	达州、成都（内江）
陕西	延安、咸阳、宝鸡、铜川	西安		南充、广安、达州	重庆
陕西	榆林	吕梁	攀枝花、西昌		成都、重庆
甘肃	庆阳、张掖	兰州	湖南	邵阳	桂林、长沙
	武威、金昌	兰州	贵州	六盘水、毕节、安顺	贵阳
	陇南	南充	贵州	兴义	百色（曲靖）
	平凉	中卫、西安（宝鸡）	云南	昭通、曲靖	贵阳
山东	莱芜	淄博、上高镇	云南	丽江	昆明
	东营	淄博	福建	龙岩	深圳
	济宁、枣庄、临沂	济南		南平	长沙
新疆	阿勒泰	吐鲁番		三明	南昌、深圳
新疆	库尔勒	酒泉	广西	河池	柳州

	相对于省会城市（α₂-α₁）					相对于区域中心城市（β₂-β₁）
	较大改善	改善	不变	恶化	较大恶化	较大改善	改善	不变	恶化	较大恶化
数量/个	7	32	3	76	8	10	37	1	74	4
所占比例/%	6	26	2	60	6	8	30	1	58	3