阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20170937

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风蚀是北方干旱与半干旱农牧交错带面临的严峻问题。论文以阴山北麓草原生态功能区为例,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟了当地生态系统提供的防风固沙服务流动路径,通过空间插值获得了功能区防风固沙服务的受益范围及其获得效益的相对大小,确定了受益范围内的土地覆被、受益人口及GDP。研究结果显示：1）2010年阴山北麓草原生态功能区的防风固沙服务大部分发生在春季,其流动路径主要往功能区东部和东南部区域延伸;2）防风固沙受益土地面积占全国土地面积的46%,主要位于功能区东部和南部地区;3）功能区受益的人口占当年全国总人口的75%,受益GDP占当年全国GDP总量的67%。未来可以根据受益区获得防风固沙效益的相对大小确定受益区不同区域横向生态付费金额,以补偿当地采取防风固沙措施导致的经济损失和投入,实现地区间公平,促进区域可持续发展。

关键词: 防风固沙, 服务受益区, 流动路径, 生态系统服务流动, 阴山北麓

Abstract: Wind erosion is a serious environmental problem in the arid and semi-arid agriculture and animal husbandry ecotone in the north. In this study, we used the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to simulate dust trajectories when wind speeds are equal to or greater than the threshold for dust transport (5.7 m/s), assuming no vegetation cover in the key ecological function area of grassland at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain. These simulated trajectories represented the flow paths prevented from the wind erosion by the ecosystems within the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain. The service benefit areas were determined by interpolating these trajectories. The frequency with which the trajectories passed through each grid was taken as a proxy for the benefit associated with the wind erosion prevention realized by people in the grid. We also determined the benefits associated with land cover, population and GDP in the service benefit areas. The results show that: 1) Most of the wind erosion prevention in the grassland ecological function area in 2010 occurred in spring, and the flow path mainly extends to the eastern and southeastern areas. 2) The benefit areas were estimated to cover 46% of the total area of China, mainly located in the eastern and southern areas of the function area. 3) The benefit population and GDP accounted for 75% of the total population of China and 67% of the total GDP of China in 2010. Based on this research, we extracted a quantitative relationship between the key ecological function area and the service benefit areas and identified the actual beneficiaries. This work may provide support in terms of scientific knowledge that can be used by decision makers to develop strategies, such as ecological compensation in order to mitigate sandstorms in the study area.

Key words: flow of ecosystem services, flow path, service benefit area, the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, wind erosion prevention

中图分类号:

X171

肖玉, 谢高地, 甄霖, 鲁春霞, 徐洁. 阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(10): 1742-1754.

XIAO Yu, XIE Gao-di, ZHEN Lin, LU Chun-xia, XU Jie. Identifying the Benefit Areas of Wind Erosion Prevention in the Key Ecological Function Area of Grassland at the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2018, 33(10): 1742-1754.

参考文献

[1] RAVI S, ZOBECK T M, OVER T M, et al.On the effect of moisture bonding forces in air-dry soils on threshold friction velocity of wind erosion[J]. Sedimentology, 2006, 53(3): 597-609.
[2] LAL R.Soil erosion and the global carbon budget[J]. Environment International, 2003, 29(4): 437-450.
[3] PROSPERO J M, GINOUX P, TORRES O, et al.Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2002, 40(1), 1002. doi: 10.1029/2000RG000095.
[4] SHAO Y, DONG C H.A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring[J]. Global & Planetary Change, 2006, 52(1): 1-22.
[5] RAVI S, D’ODORICO P, BRESHEARS D D, et al. Aeolian processes and the biosphere [J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2011, 49(3), RG3001. doi: 10.1029/2010RG000328.
[6] BADDOCK M C, STRONG C L, MURRAY P S, et al.Aeolian dust as a transport hazard[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 71: 7-14.
[7] YAN Y, SUN Y B, MA L, et al.A multidisciplinary approach to trace Asian dust storms from source to sink[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015, 105: 43-52.
[8] HOFFMANN C, FUNK R, REICHE M, et al.Assessment of extreme wind erosion and its impacts in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Aeolian Research, 2011, 3(3): 343-351.
[9] SHARRATT B S, LAUER D.Particulate matter concentration and air quality affected by windblown dust in the Columbia Plateau[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006, 35(6): 2011-2016.
[10] 王涛, 吴薇, 赵哈林, 等. 科尔沁地区现代沙漠化过程的驱动因素分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(5): 519-528.
[WANG T, WU W, ZHAO H L, et al.Analyses on driving factors to sandy desertification process in Horqin Region, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(5): 519-528. ]
[11] 王训明, 李吉均, 董光荣, 等. 近50 a来中国北方沙区风沙气候演变与沙漠化响应[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(24): 2882-2888.
[WANG X M, LI J J, DONG G R, et al.Aeolian climate evolvement and the response of desertification in the sand region of northern China in the past 50 years. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(24): 2882-2888. ]
[12] SHAO Y P.Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion[M]. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2008.
[13] SYRBE R-U, WALZ U.Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: Providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 21: 80-88.
[14] BORRELLI P, LUGATO E, MONTANARELLA L, et al.A new assessment of soil loss due to wind erosion in European agricultural soils using a quantitative spatially distributed modelling approach[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2017, 28(1): 335-344.
[15] HALIM A, NORMANIZA O.The effects of plant density of Melastoma malabathricum on the erosion rate of slope soil at different slope orientations[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2015, 30(2): 131-141.
[16] 韩永伟, 拓学森, 高吉喜, 等. 黑河下游重要生态功能区植被防风固沙功能及其价值初步评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(1): 58-65.
[HAN Y W, TUO X S, GAO J X, et al.Assessment on the sand-fixing function and its value of the vegetation in eco-function protection areas of the lower reaches of the Heihe River. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(1): 58-65. ]
[17] ZHAO W Z, HU G L, ZHANG Z H, et al.Shielding effect of oasis-protection systems composed of various forms of wind break on sand fixation in an arid region: A case study in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2008, 33(2): 119-125.
[18] PIERRE C, KERGOAT L, BERGAMETTI G, et al.Modeling vegetation and wind erosion from a millet field and from a rangeland: Two Sahelian case studies[J]. Aeolian Research, 2015, 19: 97-111.
[19] SERNA-CHAVEZ H M, SCHULP C J E, VAN BODEGOM P M, et al. A quantitative framework for assessing spatial flows of ecosystem services[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2014, 39: 24-33.
[20] 肖玉, 谢高地, 鲁春霞, 等. 基于供需关系的生态系统服务空间流动研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(10): 3096-3102.
[XIAO Y, XIE G D, LU C X, et al.Involvement of ecosystem service flows in human wellbeing based on the relationship between supply and demand. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 3096-3102. ]
[21] BAGSTAD K J, JOHNSON G W, VOIGT B, et al.Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: A comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2013, 4: 117-125.
[22] BAGSTAD K J, SEMMENS D J, WINTHROP R.Comparing approaches to spatially explicit ecosystem service modeling: A case study from the San Pedro River, Arizona[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2013, 5: 40-50.
[23] XIAO Y, ZHANG C, XU J.Areas benefiting from water conservation in key ecological function areas in China[J]. Journal of Resources & Ecology, 2015, 6(6): 375-385.
[24] 徐洁, 肖玉, 谢高地, 等. 东江湖流域水供给服务时空格局分析[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(15): 4892-4906.
[XU J, XIAO Y, XIE G D, et al.Spatiotemporal analysis of water supply service in the Dongjiang Lake Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(15): 4892-4906. ]
[25] ZANK B, BAGSTAD K J, VOIGT B, et al.Modeling the effects of urban expansion on natural capital stocks and ecosystem service flows: A case study in the Puget Sound, Washington, USA[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2016, 149: 31-42.
[26] 孙悦超, 麻硕士, 陈智, 等. 阴山北麓干旱半干旱区地表土壤风蚀测试与分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(12): 1-5.
[SUN Y C, MA S S, CHEN Z, et al.Test and analysis of wind erosion of land surface soil in arid and semi-arid regions in north areas of Yinshan Mountain. Transactions of the CSAE, 2007, 23(12): 1-5. ]
[27] 朱丽, 秦富仓, 杨翠林, 等. 阴山北麓农牧交错带土壤侵蚀驱动机制研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(5): 34-37.
[ZHU L, QIN F C, YANG C L, et al.Drive-mechanism of land erosion in the cross region between farmland and grassland in Yinshan Mountain. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 15(5): 34-37. ]
[28] 刘亚玲, 潘志华, 范锦龙, 等. 阴山北麓地区植被覆盖动态时空分析[J]. 资源科学, 2005, 27(4): 168-174.
[LIU Y L, PAN Z H, FAN J L, et al.Spatial and temporal analysis on vegetation cover dynamics in north piedmont of Yinshan Mountain. Resources Science, 2005, 27(4): 168-174. ]
[29] 赵举, 郑大玮, 妥德宝, 等. 阴山北麓农牧交错带带状留茬间作轮作防风蚀技术研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002, 20(2): 5-9.
[ZHAO J, ZHENG D W, SUI D B, et al.Study on the technique of strip intercropping with stubble for controlling wind erosion at ecotone in the north area of the Yinshan Mountains. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(2): 5-9. ]
[30] 杨德宝, 尚可政, 王式功. 沙尘暴[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2003.
[YANG D B, SHANG K Z, WANG S G. Sand Storm.Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2003. ]
[31] 刘汉涛, 麻硕士, 窦卫国, 等. 残茬高度对土壤风蚀量影响的试验研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007, 25(1): 30-34.
[LIU H T, MA S S, DOU W G, et al.Experimental study on wind-blown mass affected by stubble height. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2007, 25(1): 30-34. ]
[32] STEIN A F, DRAXLER R R, ROLPH G D, et al.NOAA’s HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2015, 96(12): 2059-2077.
[33] LI W, WANG C, WANG H, et al.Distribution of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in rural field, rural village and urban areas of northern China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 185(4): 134-140.
[34] VARGA G, ÚJV RI G, KOV CS J.Spatiotemporal patterns of Saharan dust outbreaks in the Mediterranean Basin[J]. Aeolian Research, 2014, 15: 151-160.
[35] ENGLING G, HE J, BETHA R, et al.Assessing the regional impact of Indonesian biomass burning emissions based on organic molecular tracers and chemical mass balance modeling[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2014, 14: 8043-8054.
[36] LÜ B L, ZHANG B, BAI Y Q.A systematic analysis of PM 2.5 in Beijing and its sources from 2000 to 2012[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015, 124: 98-108.
[37] 张增祥, 汪潇, 王长耀, 等. 基于框架数据控制的全国土地覆盖遥感制图研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2009, 11(2): 216-224.
[ZHANG Z X, WANG X, WANG C Y, et al.National land cover mapping by remote sensing under the control of interperted data. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2009, 11(2): 216-224. ]
[38] WANG Q Y, WANG Z L, ZHANG H.Impact of anthropogenic aerosols from global, East Asian, and non-East Asian sources on East Asian summer monsoon system[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017, 183: 224-236.
[39] FONTES T, LI P, BARROS N, et al.Trends of PM_2.5 concentrations in China: A long term approach[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 196: 719-732.
[40] 闫婷, 闫德仁. 浑善达克沙地多伦县风特征分析[J]. 内蒙古林业科技, 2016, 42(4): 21-23.
[YAN T, YAN D R.Analysis on wind feature in Duolun County in Hunshandake Sandy Land. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science & Technology, 2016, 42(4): 21-23. ]
[41] 朱雅丽, 阮全贵, 倪琳. 我国沙尘暴的防治与生态环境建设[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2003, 20(9): 31-33.
[ZHU Y L, RUAN Q G, NI L.Prevention and control of sandstorm and ecological environmental construction. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2003, 20(9): 31-33. ]
[42] 朱震达, 刘恕, 邸醒民. 中国的沙漠化及其治理 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1989.
[ZHU Z D, LIU S, DI X M.China’s Desertification and Its Governance. Beijing: Science Press, 1989. ]
[43] 李占宏, 海春兴, 刘广通. 冬春季上风向表土与呼和浩特沙尘暴降尘的关系分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28(12): 71-75.
[LI Z H, HAI C X, LIU G T.The relationship between upwind topsoil and the sandstorm dustfall in winter and spring in Hohhot. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2014, 28(12): 71-75. ]
[44] 孟令东, 薛博, 胡小龙. 多伦县生态建设及其成效[J]. 内蒙古林业科技, 2009, 35(3): 48-50.
[MENG L D, XUE B, HU X L.Ecological construction and its effect in Duolun County. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology, 2009, 35(3): 48-50. ]
[45] XIE G D, CAO S Y, LU C X, et al.Current status and future trends for eco-compensation in China[J]. Journal of Resources & Ecology, 2015, 6(6): 355-362.