西北干旱荒漠生态区脆弱性动态监测及驱动因子定量分析

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20170068

自然资源学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 412-424.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20170068

西北干旱荒漠生态区脆弱性动态监测及驱动因子定量分析

郭兵^1,2,3,4, 孔维华^{5, *}, 姜琳¹

1. 山东理工大学建筑工程学院,山东淄博 255000;
2. 华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241;
3. 武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,武汉 433079;
4. 地理国情监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,武汉 433079;
5. 浙江水利水电学院,杭州 310018

收稿日期:2017-01-22 修回日期:2017-04-21 出版日期:2018-03-20 发布日期:2018-03-20
通讯作者: *孔维华（1968- ）,男,教授,硕士,主要研究方向为GIS的环境应用。E-mail: sdlgkwh@163.com
作者简介:郭兵（1987- ）,男,山东淄博人,讲师,主要研究方向为生态遥感与环境遥感。E-mail: guobingjl@163.com
基金资助:
华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（KLGIS2017A02）; 武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目（17I04）; 地理国情监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室开放基金项目（2016NGCM02）; 区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目（2017(B)003）; 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2015DL006）

Dynamic Monitoring of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid Desert Ecological Region of Northwest China and the Quantitative Analysis of Its Driving Forces

GUO Bing^1,2,3,4, KONG Wei-hua⁵, JIANG Lin¹

1. Shandong University of Technology, School of Civil Architectural Engineering, Zibo 255000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 433079, China;
4. Key Laboratory for National Geographic Census and Monitoring, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan 433079, China;
5. Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2017-01-22 Revised:2017-04-21 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-03-20
Supported by:
Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, No. KLGIS2017A02; Open Fund of State Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, No. 17I04; Open Fund of Key Laboratory for National Geographic Census and Monitoring, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, No. 2016NGCM02; Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response (Hubei University), No. 2017(B)003; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2015DL006.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球气候变化和人类活动双重胁迫下,西北干旱荒漠生态区的脆弱生态系统发生了深刻变化。论文在充分考虑研究区生态环境背景特征（沙漠化、盐渍化、风力侵蚀、干旱等灾害严重）的基础上,引入极端气候灾害因子（指示气候变化）和大尺度景观格局指数（指示人类活动对生态景观的干扰）,构建了西北干旱荒漠生态区的生态脆弱性评价体系,并对研究区2000—2013年的生态脆弱性时空变化格局及其驱动机制进行了定量分析和讨论。研究结果表明：西北干旱荒漠生态区的生态脆弱性总体上处于中-重度脆弱状态;其生态脆弱性空间分布格局总体上呈现自东向西递减的趋势,西部局部地区则呈现“E”字型格局,该分布格局主要受西北内陆地区大气环流以及三山夹两盆的特殊地貌影响;2000—2013年,西北干旱荒漠生态区生态脆弱性呈现减小趋势,其生态脆弱性变化状况受气温、降水以及人类活动影响显著。研究成果可以为西北干旱荒漠生态区的生态保护和治理提供决策支持。

关键词: 极端气候, 气候变化, 人类活动, 生态脆弱性, 遥感

Abstract: Under the double stress of global climate change and human activities, the fragile ecosystem in arid desert region of Northwest China has undergone profound changes. Thus, how to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of the arid land has become a hot topic in the field of ecology. Fully considering the characteristics of the eco-environment (desertification, salinization, wind erosion, drought and other disasters) in the study area, we introduced extreme climate event factors (indicating the climate changes) and large-scale landscape pattern indexes (indicating the disturbance of human activities on the ecological landscape) to establish the evaluation system of ecological vulnerability in arid desert region of Northwest China. Then, the spatial-temporal change of ecological vulnerability and its driving mechanism during the past 13 years were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that: the ecological vulnerability of arid desert region in Northwest China generally belonged to the level of moderate or severe vulnerability, and the spatial distribution pattern of ecological vulnerability showed a decreasing trend from east to west and a “E” pattern appeared in the western part, which was significantly affected by the atmospheric circulation and special landform of “Two basins sandwiched with three mountains”. During the period of 2000-2013, the ecological vulnerability in the arid desert region of Northwest China showed a decreasing trend, and the changes were greatly affected by temperature, precipitation and human activities. There were significant relationships between the change intensity of ecological vulnerability and climatic tendencies of precipitation and temperature. The research results can provide decision supports for ecological protection and management in arid desert region of Northwest China.

Key words: climate change, ecological vulnerability, extreme climate, human activity, remote sensing

中图分类号:

X826

郭兵, 孔维华, 姜琳. 西北干旱荒漠生态区脆弱性动态监测及驱动因子定量分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(3): 412-424.

GUO Bing, KONG Wei-hua, JIANG Lin. Dynamic Monitoring of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid Desert Ecological Region of Northwest China and the Quantitative Analysis of Its Driving Forces[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2018, 33(3): 412-424.

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西北干旱荒漠生态区脆弱性动态监测及驱动因子定量分析

Dynamic Monitoring of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid Desert Ecological Region of Northwest China and the Quantitative Analysis of Its Driving Forces

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