耕地集约化利用研究进展评述

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20170021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 耕地集约化利用是人类作用下的一种耕地发展模式,对于国家粮食安全、农产品供给保障、生态安全和经济社会可持续发展等具有重要作用,开展耕地集约化利用研究具有重要的科学意义。论文基于文献回溯和综合概括的方法,从科学内涵、描述指标、时空格局探测、归因分析、环境效益评估等方面对国内外耕地集约化利用的研究进展进行系统总结和评述,并提出了未来耕地集约利用研究的重点方向。从现有的研究进展来看,耕地集约化利用研究呈现如下特点：1）集约化利用的科学内涵既涉及到社会经济层面,也涉及到自然地理层面,不同学者从不同学科角度逐渐丰富其内涵,但尚未形成广泛认可的、综合自然属性和社会经济属性的耕地集约化利用内涵;2）集约化利用的评价指标具有多样性,不同指标描述了不同的特性,实际应用需要根据研究目标和区域特点,对各类指标进行筛选,选取具有典型代表性的单一或多指标;3）集约化利用时空格局及其变化的研究方法多样,统计方法和空间技术法是现有的主流方法,两种方法各有优势和不足,两者的结合是未来重要的发展方向;4）影响耕地集约化利用的因素具有复杂性和动态性,由于区域差异和尺度效应,尚不存在统一的主导因素;5）耕地集约化利用具有多功能和多效应,目前研究多关注于集约利用的粮食产出功能,对生态环境效应分析较为薄弱。未来研究需要注重社会经济科学和自然科学等多科学、多方法的交叉,重点加强耕地集约化利用的研究范式、时空格局探测技术、综合效应评估等方面的研究,实现耕地“可持续集约化利用”的最终目标。

关键词: 耕地集约化利用, 土地, 研究进展

Abstract: Cropland intensification is a state of cultivated land development made by human beings, which is closely related to all aspects of agricultural production and agro-ecological environment. It also plays an important role in food security, ecological security and sustainable development of economy and society. It is thus of theoretical and realistic implication to study the cropland intensification. This article reviewed the latest progress of cropland intensification studies from four aspects of intensification on connotations, description indices, spatio-temporal pattern, drives and environmental benefit assessment. Based on the progress and deficiencies of existing research, the article puts forward new research priorities and directions, aiming at providing a scientific basis for further deep research on cropland intensification. Current research shows that there are several characteristics of cropland intensification. Firstly, the connotations of intensification are rich as different scientists provide different definitions, involving both socio-economic and geographical aspects. But there is a lack of widely-recognized definition of cropland intensification which integrates natural and social properties. Secondly, there are various indicators which describe different characteristics of crop intensification; however, there is a need to select unique or multiple indicators according to the aims of the study and the characteristics of regions. Thirdly, there is a variety of methods to study pattern and changes of cropland intensification, such as statistical methods and spatial analysis technologies. Both of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. The fusion of the two methods is a very important direction in the future. Fourthly, the influencing factors of cultivated land intensification are dynamic and complex, and there is no leading factor because of the scale effect. Fifthly, cropland intensification has multiple functions and effects. At present, studies focus more on the grain output than on the ecological environment effect. Future research needs to pay more attention to the combines of socio-economic science and natural science and strengthen the research paradigm of intensification, methods of spatio-temporal pattern detection and assessment of comprehensive effect to achieve “sustainable intensification”.

Key words: cropland intensification, land, perspective

中图分类号:

F301.21

龙禹桥, 吴文斌, 余强毅, 胡琼, 陆苗, 陈迪. 耕地集约化利用研究进展评述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(2): 337-350.

LONG Yu-qiao, WU Wen-bin, YU Qiang-yi, HU Qiong, LU Miao, CHEN Di. Recent Study Progresses in Intensive Use of Cropland[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2018, 33(2): 337-350.

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