1980—2014年中亚地区植被净初级生产力对气候和CO2变化的响应

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160983

自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 1844-1856.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160983

1980—2014年中亚地区植被净初级生产力对气候和CO₂变化的响应

朱士华^{1, 2, 3}, 艳燕^{2, 3}, 邵华^{2, *}, 李超凡^{2, 4}

1. 南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所, 南京 210093;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830011;
3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
4. 南京信息工程大学地理与遥感学院,南京 210008

收稿日期:2016-09-14 修回日期:2016-11-19 出版日期:2017-11-20 发布日期:2017-11-20
通讯作者: 邵华（1969- ）,女,副研究员,研究方向为生态学。E-mail:shaohua@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:朱士华（1989- ）,男,博士,研究方向为生态模型、全球变化生态学。E-mail:zshcare@ foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1503301,41401118）; 国家重点基础研究发展（973）计划（2014CB954204）

The Responses of the Net Primary Productivity of the Dryland Ecosystems in Central Asia to the CO₂ and Climate Changes during the Past 35 Years

ZHU Shi-hua^{1, 2, 3}, YAN Yan^{2, 3}, SHAO Hua², LI Chao-fan^{2, 4}

1. International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4. School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2016-09-14 Revised:2016-11-19 Online:2017-11-20 Published:2017-11-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.U1503301 and 41401118; National Basic Research Programs of China, No.2014CB954204

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中亚干旱区分布着世界80%以上的温带荒漠,受气候变化影响显著。论文首先收集实验观测数据验证了干旱区生态系统模型（AEM）,然后运用AEM开展数值模拟实验量化研究了1980—2014年中亚净初级生产力（NPP）的时空格局,评估了不同环境因子（降水、温度、CO₂）的相对贡献率及其交互效应。结果表明：过去35 a中亚干旱区年均NPP总量为1 125±129 Tg C（1 T=10¹²）或218±25 g C/m²。哈萨克斯坦北部地区年NPP值较高（349±39 g C/m²）,而南疆地区年NPP值较低（123±45 g C/m²）。1980—2014年间,中亚NPP总体呈减少趋势 [-0.71 g C/(m²·a)],南疆极端干旱区的NPP降低最为显著 [-2.05 g C/(m²·a)]。相较于1980—1984年NPP均值,在1985—2014年中亚区域NPP总体降低了118 Tg（-10%）。其中CO₂施肥效应促进NPP增加了99.7 Tg （+8%）,气温升高的正效应促进NPP增加了35.4 Tg（+2%）,而降水减少导致NPP降低了221 Tg（-18%）。研究区内9%的地区的NPP主要控制因子为温度,主要分布在天山和哈萨克斯坦北部等高纬高寒地区。降水主控区面积占整个研究区的69%,主要分布在荒漠平原特别是南疆等植被受水分限制的区域。CO₂主控区占研究区面积的20%,主要分布在天山中山带森林区和低海拔地区等水热条件好的区域。研究表明新疆南部地区是中亚的关键生态脆弱区,其生态安全面临着气候变化的挑战,但21世纪的升温不大可能因刺激自养呼吸而对中亚区域NPP造成显著影响。

关键词: NPP, 干旱区气候变化, 中亚AEM模型

Abstract: More than 80% of world's temperate desert locates in Central Asia, dryland that experienced strong warming and significant changes in precipitation pattern in recent decades. The objectives of this study was to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of net primary productivity in Central Asia over the past 35 years, and investigate the relative contribution and interactive effect of climate controls including temperature, precipitation and CO₂, using the Arid Ecosystem Model (AEM), which performed well in predicting the dryland ecosystems' responses to climate changes according to our evaluation. The results show the 35-year averaged annual NPP of Central Asia amounted to 1 125±129 Tg C/a (1 T=10¹²), or 218±24 g C /(m²·a), with an overall declining trend of 0.71 g C/(m²·a). The northern Kazakhstan had relatively high NPP of 349±39 g C/(m²·a), while the southern Xinjiang of China had relatively low NPP of 123±45 g C/(m²·a). During the last 35 years, the NPP of the southern Xinjiang subregion declined significantly with a trend of -2.05 g C/(m²·a). Comparing the NPP during 1985-2014 to the NPP during 1980-1984, we found the regional NPP decreased 118 Tg or 10%, with positive contribution of 35.4 Tg or +2% from temperature change, positive contribution of 99.7 Tg or +8% from CO₂ change, negative contribution of 221 Tg or -18% from precipitation change. The temperature was the dominant factor on NPP in 9% of the study area, mainly in the Tianshan Mountains and northern Kazakhstan, where the temperature increased by 0.03 ℃/a during 1980-2014. Precipitation was the dominant factor on NPP in 69% of the study area, mainly in the desert subregion and the dryland of southern Xinjiang of China, where the vegetation was limited by water. CO₂ was the dominant factor on NPP in 20% of the study area, mainly in the lower altitude regions of Tianshan Mountains, where the hydrothermal condition was suitable for vegetation growth. This study shows that the southern Xinjiang of China is the fragile eco-environmental subregion in Central Asia, whose ecosystem security is facing the challenges of climate change. However, increasing temperature is unlikely to stimulate autotrophic respiration and cause a significant impact on regional NPP in Central Asia.

Key words: arid ecosystem model, Central Asia, climate change, dryland, NPP

中图分类号:

Q948.1

朱士华, 艳燕, 邵华, 李超凡. 1980—2014年中亚地区植被净初级生产力对气候和CO₂变化的响应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(11): 1844-1856.

ZHU Shi-hua, YAN Yan, SHAO Hua, LI Chao-fan. The Responses of the Net Primary Productivity of the Dryland Ecosystems in Central Asia to the CO₂ and Climate Changes during the Past 35 Years[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(11): 1844-1856.

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1980—2014年中亚地区植被净初级生产力对气候和CO₂变化的响应

The Responses of the Net Primary Productivity of the Dryland Ecosystems in Central Asia to the CO₂ and Climate Changes during the Past 35 Years

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