青海湖流域农田生态系统氢氧同位素特征及其水分利用变化研究

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160766

自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1348-1359.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160766

青海湖流域农田生态系统氢氧同位素特征及其水分利用变化研究

李静¹, 吴华武^{2, 3, *}, 李小雁³, 贺斌², 裴婷婷³, 蒋志云³, 鲍志诚⁴

1. 九江学院旅游与国土资源学院,江西九江 332005；
2. 中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京 210008；
3. 北京师范大学地理科学学部资源学院,北京 100875；
4. 江西省地震局,南昌 330039

收稿日期:2016-07-18 修回日期:2017-03-13 出版日期:2017-08-20 发布日期:2017-08-20
作者简介:李静（1984- ),女,山东聊城人,副教授,博士,主要从事生态水文、生态系统服务等研究。E-mail:xiaofengxue86@163.com *通信作者简介：吴华武（1986- ）,男,江西九江人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事同位素水文学及生态水文学研究。E-mail:wuhuawu416@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41471460, 41025001）; 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所人才引进启动项目（Y7SL011001）; 江西省地震局新世纪优秀人才科研项目(JXDZ-YXRC20171)

Variations in Deuterium and Oxygen-18 Isotope Compositions and Water Utilizations by Crops in the Cropland Ecosystem, Qinghai Lake Watershed

LI Jing¹, WU Hua-wu^{2, 3}, LI Xiao-yan³, HE Bin², PEI Ting-ting³, JIANG Zhi-yun³, BAO Zhi-cheng³

1. Tourism School, Jiujiang College, Jiujiang 332005, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China;
3. School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
4. Earthquake Administration of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330039, China

Received:2016-07-18 Revised:2017-03-13 Online:2017-08-20 Published:2017-08-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41471460 and 41025001Talent Introduction Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, No. Y7SL011001A Scentific Research Project for New Century Excellent Talents of Jiangxi Earthquake Administration, No. JXDZ-YXRC20171.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水分条件是直接影响农作物产量高低的主要限制因子之一,但对青海湖流域油菜和燕麦植物水分利用方式的认识尚不清楚。论文收集油菜和燕麦整个生育期内降水、植物和土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成,并通过直接对比法和多源混合模型定量地计算出油菜和燕麦对不同深度土壤水分利用比例。结果表明：降水中同位素组成表征出较大的波动性变化,浅层土壤水同位素组成受蒸发作用影响明显富集于深层土壤水分,且土壤水中同位素在垂直方向上呈浅层土壤水较富集于深层土壤水。油菜在生育期内根系吸水方式在浅层和深层土壤间发生明显的转换,如在蕾薹期、开花期、灌浆期及成熟期主要依赖于0~10 cm（95.1%）、0~10 cm（68%和44.8%）、30~60 cm（69.9%）及0~10 cm（38.8%）的土壤水分。而燕麦根系吸水范围却没有表征出明显的改变,在整个生育期内土壤水分利用深度在0~30 cm间变化。这将为高寒地区耕作方式调整及发展节水高效的现代农业提供理论依据。

关键词: 多源混合模型, 降水, 青海湖流域, 生育期, 土壤水, 燕麦, 油菜

Abstract: Water condition is commonly considered as an important factor affecting the yields of crops. The water use patterns of Brassica napus and Avena sativa during the growing season remain unclear in the Qinghai Lake watershed. In this paper, the stable isotope compositions in precipitation, plant xylem of Brassica napus and Avena sativa and soil water during the entire growing season were collected and the utilization ratios of soil water of the two crops were analyzed with direct comparison method and mixing IsoSource model. The results showed that the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation showed great fluctuations. The isotopic contents in shallow soil water, subject to the effect of evaporation, are more abundant than those in deep soil water. Brassica napus mainly used soil water at 0-10 cm layer at the jointing stage (95.1%), 0-10 cm layer at the flowering stage (68% and 44.8%), 30-60 cm layer at the filling stage (69.9%) and 0-10 cm layer at the full ripe stage (38.8%). Avena sativa mainly utilized the soil water at 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm layers during the whole growing period. This finding provides the basis for adjusting tillage manners and developing water-saving and efficient modern agriculture in alpine regions.

Key words: Avena sativa, Brassica napus, growing season, mixing IsoSources model, precipitation, Qinghai Lake Watershed, soil water

中图分类号:

Q945.17

李静, 吴华武, 李小雁, 贺斌, 裴婷婷, 蒋志云, 鲍志诚. 青海湖流域农田生态系统氢氧同位素特征及其水分利用变化研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(8): 1348-1359.

LI Jing, WU Hua-wu, LI Xiao-yan, HE Bin, PEI Ting-ting, JIANG Zhi-yun, BAO Zhi-cheng. Variations in Deuterium and Oxygen-18 Isotope Compositions and Water Utilizations by Crops in the Cropland Ecosystem, Qinghai Lake Watershed[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(8): 1348-1359.

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青海湖流域农田生态系统氢氧同位素特征及其水分利用变化研究

Variations in Deuterium and Oxygen-18 Isotope Compositions and Water Utilizations by Crops in the Cropland Ecosystem, Qinghai Lake Watershed

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