农田保护经济补偿政策实施异质效应——基于DID模型的动态估计

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160538

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 论文以国内率先试点探索农田保护经济补偿政策的创新实践地区——成都和苏州为典型实证,基于2012和2015年两期农户动态跟踪调研数据,运用DID模型测量农田保护经济补偿政策实施异质效应及影响因素。结果表明：1）农田保护经济补偿政策的持续实施显著增加实践地区农民的政策满意度,激励农民参与农地流转,但对提升农民参与农田保护性耕作措施的作用较小。2）农田保护经济补偿政策实施成效具有显著异质性。2008年开始试点养老保障与农业补偿相结合的耕地保护基金政策的成都市,农户政策满意度的上升幅度相对较大。乡镇经济发达、长三角地区经济发展带重镇的苏州市,农户家庭生计多元,户均非农业收入占比达82.12%,较成都农户高2.66%,农地生计依赖较弱,补偿政策明显促进该区域农户参与农地流转,但农户农田保护积极性值却大幅下降。3）受访者的年龄、受教育水平、农田保护及功能认知、对农田保护政策关注程度、农业收入占比、家庭劳动力比例、调研村庄经济水平及受访村庄与最近城镇距离均会显著影响农田保护经济补偿政策实施成效。

关键词: DID模型, 经济补偿, 异质效应, 政策满意度, 农田保护

Abstract: Chengdu and Suzhou are cities taking the lead in implementing the policy of economic compensation policy for farmland conservation. Taking Chengdu and Suzhou as examples, we use difference-in-difference (DID) estimators to measure the effects and influencing factors of the policy based on a tracking survey conducted in 2012 and 2015. The results are: firstly, the continuous implementation of the policy greatly improved farmers’ satisfaction and encouraged farmers to participate in land transfer, which helped realizing large-scale management of land operation but impeded farmers’ enthusiasm for protecting farmland and engaging in agricultural production. Secondly, there existed significantly regional differences in the implementation effects due to the disparities of economic development level and period of the policy implementation among regions. Specifically, Chengdu started the compensation policy first, and combined it with agricultural subsidies and pension security, so the policy gradually made some achievements. Meanwhile, farmers in Suzhou, one of the most developed areas in China where there are diverse livelihoods and high non-agricultural incomes, were highly encouraged to participate in land transfer instead of farmland protection and farm works. Finally, the effects of the policy implementation were significantly affected by the age, education, cognition of farmland function and conservation, attention to policy of farmland conservation of the farmers, labor forces and annual income from agriculture of the household, and the village’s economic condition and the distance to the nearest town.

Key words: DID, economic compensation, heterogeneous effect, policy satisfaction, farmland conservation

中图分类号:

F301.21

朱兰兰, 蔡银莺. 农田保护经济补偿政策实施异质效应——基于DID模型的动态估计[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(5): 727-741.

ZHU Lan-lan, CAI Yin-ying. Heterogeneous Implementation Effects of the Economic Compensation Policy for Farmland Conservation: Based on Difference-in-difference Dynamic Estimates[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(5): 727-741.

参考文献

[1] 靳相木, 杜茎深. 耕地保护补偿研究: 一个结构性的进展评论 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2013, 27(3): 47-54. [JIN X M, DU J S. Research progress on compensation for farmland protection: A structural review. China Land Science, 2013, 27(3): 47-54. ]
[2] 张效军, 欧名豪, 高艳梅. 耕地保护区域补偿机制之价值标准探讨 [J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2008, 18(5): 154-160. [ZHANG X J, OU M H, GAO Y M. Value standard of regional compensation mechanism of cultivated land preservation. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2008, 18(5): 154-160. ]
[3] 姜广辉, 孔祥斌, 张凤荣, 等. 耕地保护经济补偿机制分析 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2009, 23(7): 24-27. [JIANG G H, KONG X B, ZHANG F R, et al. Analyzing the mechanism of economic compensation for farmland protection. China Land Science, 2009, 23(7): 24-27. ]
[4] 蔡银莺, 张安录. 规划管制下农田生态补偿的研究进展分析 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(5): 868-880. [CAI Y Y, ZHANG A L. Researching progress and trends of agricultural land’s ecological compensation under land use planning control. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(5): 868-880. ]
[5] 周小平, 柴铎, 卢艳霞, 等. 耕地保护补偿的经济学解释 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2010, 24(10): 30-35. [ZHOU X P, CHAI D, LU Y X, et al. Economic interpretation on the compensation for farmland preservation. China Land Science, 2010, 24(10): 30-35. ]
[6] 李广东, 邱道持, 王平. 中国耕地保护机制建设研究进展 [J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(3): 282-289. [LI G D, QIU D C, WANG P. Advances in researches on mechanism construction of farmland protection in China. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(3): 282-289. ]
[7] 牛海鹏, 许传阳, 李明秋, 等. 耕地保护经济补偿的接受和给付主体分析 [J]. 资源科学, 2011, 33(3): 513-520. [NIU H P, XU C Y, LI M Q, et al. On accepting and affording subjects in economic compensation of cultivated land protection based on questionnaire surveys. Resources Science, 2011, 33(3): 513-520. ]
[8] 杨欣, 蔡银莺. 农田生态补偿方式的选择及市场运作 [J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(5): 591-596. [YANG X, CAI Y Y. Farmers’ selection of farmland ecological compensation mode and its relevant factors: a case of 383 households in Wuhan city. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(5): 591-596. ]
[9] 马文博, 李世平, 陈昱. 基于 CVM 的耕地保护经济补偿探析 [J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2010, 20(11): 107-111. [MA W B, LI S P, CHEN Y. Economic compensation of cultivated land protection based on CVM. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010, 20(11): 107-111. ]
[10] 陈秧分, 刘彦随, 李裕瑞. 基于农户生产决策视角的耕地保护经济补偿标准测算 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2010, 24(4): 4-8. [CHEN Y F, LIU Y S, LI Y R. Calculation on economic compensation standard for farmland protection from the perspective of peasant households’ production decision. China Land Science, 2010, 24(4): 4-8. ]
[11] 陈宁, 蒋美生, 罗杰, 等. 耕地保护补偿机制的探索和实践——成都市实施耕地保护基金制度的调研报告 [J]. 国土资源通讯, 2011(15): 44-48. [CHEN N, JIANG M S, LUO J, et al. The exploration and practice mechanism of economic compensation for farmland conservation: Investigation report of the policy in Chengdu. National Land & Resources Information, 2011(15): 44-48. ]
[12] 卢艳霞, 高魏, 韩立. 典型地区耕地保护补偿实践述评 [J]. 中国土地科学, 2011, 25(7): 9-12. [LU Y X, GAO W, HAN L. Review on the practices of the compensation for the arable land protection in the typical region. China Land Science, 2011, 25(7): 9-12. ]
[13] 孙沁谷. 成都市耕保基金政策的农户满意度及问题研究 [D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2012. [SUN Q G. Research on Farmers’ Satisfaction of the Farmland Protection Fund Policy in Chengdu City. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2012. ]
[14] 朱兰兰, 蔡银莺. 耕地保护补偿区农民生活满意度分析 [J]. 华南农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2014, 13(1): 53-63. [ZHU L L, CAI Y Y. Satisfaction research in farmland compensation region. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 2014, 13(1): 53-63. ]
[15] 李广东, 邱道持, 王利平, 等. 生计资产差异对农户耕地保护补偿模式选择的影响——渝西方山丘陵不同地带样点村的实证分析 [J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(4): 504-515. [LI G D, QIU D C, WANG L P, et al. Impacts of difference among livelihood assets on the choice of economic compensation pattern for farmer households farmland protection in Chongqing city. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(4): 504-515. ]
[16] 李海燕, 蔡银莺. 生计多样性对农户参与农田生态补偿政策响应状态的影响——以上海闵行区、苏州张家港市发达地区为例 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(10): 1696-1708. [LI H Y, CAI Y Y. Livelihood diversity and farmer participation in farmland ecological compensation policy response: The case study of Minhang district, Shanghai and Zhangjiagang District, Suzhou. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(10): 1696-1708. ]
[17] 蔡银莺,朱兰兰. 农田保护经济补偿政策的实施成效及影响因素分析——闵行区、张家港市和成都市的实证 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(8): 1310-1322. [CAI Y Y, ZHU L L. Analysis on the implementation effects and influencing factors of farmland conservation compensation policy: Cases in Minhang district, Zhangjiagang and Chengdu city. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(8): 1310-1322. ]
[18] WOOLDRIDGE J. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach [M]. Nelson Education, 2015.
[19] VILLA J M. Simplifying the estimation of difference in differences treatment effects with stata [R/OL]. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper, 2013-01-22. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43943/.
[20] 周黎安, 陈烨. 中国农村税费改革的政策效果: 基于双重差分模型的估计 [J]. 经济研究, 2005(8): 44-53. [ZHOU L A, CHEN Y. The policy effect of tax-and-fees reforms in rural China: A difference-in-differences estimation. Economic Research Journal, 2005(8): 44-53. ]
[21] 薛凤蕊, 乔光华, 苏日娜. 土地流转对农民收益的效果评价——基于 DID 模型分析 [J]. 中国农村观察, 2011(2): 36-42. [XUE F R, QIAO G H, SU R N. Evaluation of land transfer effect on farm income. China Rural Survey, 2011(2): 36-42. ]
[22] 阎建忠, 吴莹莹, 张镱锂, 等. 青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计的多样化 [J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(2): 221-233. [YAN J Z, WU Y Y, ZHANG Y L, et al. Livelihood diversification of peasants and nomads of eastern transect in Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(2): 221-233. ]
[23] 王利平, 王成, 李晓庆. 基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区白林村471户农户为例 [J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(5): 945-954. [WANG L P, WANG C, LI X Q. Research on rural household differentiation based on the quantification of livelihood assets: Evidence from 471 rural households in Bailin village, Shapingba district, Chongqing city. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(5): 945-954. ]
[24] WILSON G A. Farmer environmental attitudes and ESA participation [J]. Geoforum, 1996, 27(2): 115-131.
[25] UCLA Academic Technology Services. What does Cronbach’s Alpha mean? [EB/OL]. 2012. http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/faq/alpha.html. 2016-03-16.
[26] 余亮亮, 蔡银莺. 基于农户受偿意愿的农田生态补偿——以湖北省京山县为例 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(1): 215-223. [YU L L, CAI Y Y. Ecological compensation based on farmers’ willingness: A case study of Jingshan County in Hubei Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(1): 215-223. ]
[27] 饶静, 许翔宇, 纪晓婷. 我国农业面源污染现状、发生机制和对策研究 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2011(8): 81-87. [RAO J, XU X Y, JI X T. Review of the current situation and control countermeasures in agricultural non-point source pollution control in China. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2011(8): 81-87. ]
[28] 金书秦, 沈贵银. 中国农业面源污染的困境摆脱与绿色转型 [J]. 改革, 2013(5): 79-87. [JIN S Q, SHEN G Y. To get rid of the predicament and green transformation of non-point source pollution. Reform, 2013(5): 79-87. ]
[29] 何欣, 蒋涛, 郭良燕, 等. 中国农地流转市场的发展与农户流转农地行为研究——基于2013—2015年29省的农户调查数据 [J]. 管理世界, 2016(6): 13-23. [HE X, JIANG T, GUO L Y, et al. Research on development and farmers’ behavior of land transfer: Evidence from household survey data from 29 provinces in 2013-2015. Management World, 2016(6): 13-23. ]
[30] HUTCHESON G D, SOFRONIOU N. The Multivariate Social Scientist: Introductory Statistics Using Generalized Linear Models [M]. SAGE Publications Ltd., 1999.
[31] KLINE J, WICHELNS D. Using referendum data to characterize public support for purchasing development rights to farmland [J]. Land Economics, 1994, 70(2): 223-233.
[32] MILLER A D, BASTIAN C T, MCLEOD D M, et al. Factors impacting agricultural landowners’ willingness to enter into conservation easements: A case study [J]. Society and Natural Resources, 2010, 24(1): 65-74.
[33] DEFRANCESCO E, GATTO P, RUNGE F, et al. Factors affecting farmers’ participation in agri-environmental measures: A northern Italian perspective [J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2008, 59(1): 114-131.
[34] 中国21世纪议程管理中心. 生态补偿的国际比较:模式与机制 [M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2012: 169-218. [The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21. The International Comparison on Ecological Compensation: Mode and Mechanism. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, 2012: 169-218. ]