内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160505

自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 642-653.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160505

内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应

彭海英^{1, 2}, 童绍玉¹, 李小雁^{2, *}

1. 云南财经大学国土资源与持续发展研究所, 昆明 650221;
2. 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2016-05-16 修回日期:2016-08-03 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20
通讯作者: 李小雁（1970- ）,男,教授,博士,研究方向为生态水文学和水文土壤学。E-mail:xyli@bnu.edu.cn
作者简介:彭海英（1983-）,女（土家族）,博士,讲师,中国自然资源学会学会员（S300001761M）,研究方向为土地资源学和生态水文学。E-mail:pengfish539@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41461113）; 云南省教育厅资助性项目（2016ZZX143）; 云南省水利厅水利科技项目（2014003）; 江苏省博士后科研资助计划（1501060B）

Effects of Thicketization of Rangeland on Soil and Soil Hydrological Processes in Inner Mongolia

PENG Hai-ying^{1, 2}, TONG Shao-yu¹, LI Xiao-yan²

1.Institute of Land Resources and Sustainable Development, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China;
2. College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2016-05-16 Revised:2016-08-03 Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41461113; Research Funding for Education Department of Yunnan Province, No.2016ZZX143; Hydraulic Science and Technology Project of Water Resources Department in Yunnan, No.2014003; Research Funding for Postdoctor of Jiangsu Province, No.1501060B

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于野外观测和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化过程对土壤和土壤水文过程的影响,旨在为干旱半干旱区环境保护和恢复提供理论基础。结果表明,斑块尺度上,灌丛斑块土壤有机质和全氮含量分别是草地斑块的1.54倍和1.16倍;灌丛斑块平均沙粒、粉粒和粘粒含量是草地斑块的0.87倍、1.34倍和1.35倍;灌丛斑块土壤容重是草地斑块的0.97倍;灌丛斑块钙积层上表面出现深度是草地斑块的1.27倍。地形等自然条件也是形成土壤异质性的重要因子,坡面尺度上,灌丛和草地斑块土壤有机质、全氮、土壤容重、土壤钙积层上表面出现深度呈自坡顶向坡下方向增加的趋势。染色示踪实验表明,灌丛斑块土壤剖面湿润锋和土壤水分入渗速率分别是草地斑块的1.36倍和5.16倍,草地斑块0~10cm土层对水分的响应较敏感,而灌丛斑块25 cm以下土层对水分的响应较敏感。研究认为,灌丛化过程增强了土壤空间异质性,灌丛斑块能将土壤水分快速输送并存储于深层土壤中,灌丛斑块是土壤养分和水分富集区,灌木植物的定居和发展过程与土壤形态之间形成了正反馈。

关键词: 地形, 染色示踪实验, 土壤空间异质性, 土壤水分, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Research of shrub encroachment is becoming an important field in the researches of the global change of terrestrial ecosystem, because grasslands have undergone a period of change in community structure and composition in the arid and semiarid regions on the earth. This study investigated effects of encroachment of Caragana microphylla Lam. on soil and soil hydrological processes in grassland of Inner Mongolia, with field observation and laboratory experiment, wishing to provide theoretical foundation for environment protection and restoration in arid and semiarid regions. Results showed that, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, sand content, silt content, clay content, soil bulk density and the position of upper surface of caliches in soil layers under canopies of shrub patches were 1.54, 1.16, 0.87, 1.34, 1.35, 0.97 and 1.27 times of those under canopies of grass patches, respectively. In addition, topography was one of the important natural factors which formed soil spatial heterogeneity. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil bulk density and the position of caliches in soil layers under canopies of shrub and grass patches all had increasing trend from the top position to the lower position at slope scale. Results of dye tracing experiment showed that wetting front on soil profiles and velocity of soil water infiltration in soil layers under canopies of shrub patches were 1.36 and 5.16 times of those under canopies of grass patches, respectively. Soil water was more sensitive at the upper 0-10 cm soil layers under canopies of grass patches, but it was more sensitive at the soil layers below 25 cm under shrub patches. This study suggested that shrub encroachment strengthened soil heterogeneity, soil water under canopies of shrub patches can be rapidly transported to the deeper soil layers, and soil layers under canopies of shrub could capture more soil nutrients and water. There were positive feedbacks between the development and settlement of C. microphylla and soil morphology in the typical steppe in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: dye tracing experiment, soil nutrient, soil spatial heterogeneity, soil water, topography

中图分类号:

S158

彭海英, 童绍玉, 李小雁. 内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(4): 642-653.

PENG Hai-ying, TONG Shao-yu, LI Xiao-yan. Effects of Thicketization of Rangeland on Soil and Soil Hydrological Processes in Inner Mongolia[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(4): 642-653.

参考文献

[1] VAN AUKEN O W. Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands [J]. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 2000, 31(4): 197-215.
[2] D’ODORICO P, OKIN G S, BESTELMEYER B T. A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment in arid grasslands [J]. Ecohydrology, 2012, 5(5): 520-530.
[3] ELDRIDGE D J, BOWKER M A, MAESTRE F T, et al. Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: Towards a global synthesis [J]. Ecology Letters, 2011, 14(7): 709-722.
[4] NEILSON R P. High-resolution climatic analysis and southwest biogeography [J]. Science, 1986, 232(4746): 27-34.
[5] HUXMAN T E, WILCOX B P, BRESHEARS D D, et al. Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment [J]. Ecology, 2005, 86(2): 308-319.
[6] COETZEE B W T, TINCANI L, WODU Z, et al. Overgrazing and bush encroachment by Tarchonanthus camphoratus in a semi-arid savanna [J]. African Journal of Ecology, 2008, 46(3): 449-451.
[7] 高琼, 刘婷. 干旱半干旱区草原灌丛化的原因及影响——争议与进展 [J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1202-1212.

[8] NAYAK R R, VAIDYANATHAN S, KRISHNASWAMY J. Fire and grazing modify grass community response to environmental determinants in savannas: Implications for sustainable use [J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014, 185(3): 197-207.
[9] 李香真, 张淑敏, 邢雪荣. 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛引起的植物生物量和土壤化学元素含量的空间变异 [J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(1): 24-30.

[10] 熊小刚, 韩兴国. 内蒙古半干旱草原灌丛化过程中小叶锦鸡儿引起的土壤碳、氮资源空间异质性分布 [J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(7): 1678-1683.

[11] 李小军. 地表径流对荒漠灌丛生境土壤水分空间特征的影响 [J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1576-1582.

[12] 周道玮. 内蒙古小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化草地 [J]. 草原与草业, 1990(3): 17-19.

[13] 刘林德, 张丽, 高玉葆. 小叶锦鸡儿 [J]. 生物学通报, 2004, 39(12): 21-23.

[14] CEY E E, RUDOLPH D L. Field study of macropore flow processes using tension infiltration of a dye tracer in partially saturated soils [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2009, 23(12): 1768-1779.
[15] SCHLESINGER W H, RAIKES J A, HARTLEY A E. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert eco-systems [J]. Ecology, 1996, 77(2): 364-374.
[16] BHARK E W, SMALL E E. Association between plant canopies and the spatial patterns of infiltration in shrubland and grassland of the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico [J]. Ecosystems, 2003, 6(2): 185-196.
[17] 彭海英, 李小雁, 童绍玉. 内蒙古典型草原灌丛化对生物量和生物多样性的影响 [J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(22): 7221-7229.

[18] MAESTRE F T, BOWKER M A, PUCHE M D, et al. Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands [J]. Ecology Letters, 2009, 12(9): 930-941.
[19] GILE L H, PETERSON F F, GROSSMAN R B. Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils [J]. Soil Science, 1966, 101(5): 347-360.
[20] LI X Y, ZHANG S Y, PENG H Y, et al. Soil water and temperature dynamics in shrub-encroached grasslands and climatic implications: Results from Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem of North China [J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013, 171/172(8): 20-30.
[21] LI X Y, HU X, ZHANG Z H, et al. Shrub hydropedology: Preferential water availability to deep soil layer [J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2013, 12(4): 1742-1751.
[22] 刘伟, 区自清, 应佩峰. 土壤大孔隙及其研究方法 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(3): 465-468.

[23] 彭海英, 李小雁, 童绍玉. 内蒙古典型草原灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响 [J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(9): 2256-2265.

内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应

Effects of Thicketization of Rangeland on Soil and Soil Hydrological Processes in Inner Mongolia

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	周才钰, 许有鹏, 刘鹏飞, 王强, 王杰. 东部湿润区典型小流域土地利用的土壤水效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 490-500.
[2]	杜腾飞, 齐伟, 朱西存, 王鑫, 张瑜, 张蕾. 基于生态安全格局的山地丘陵区自然资源空间精准识别与管制方法[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1190-1200.
[3]	杨静涵, 刘梦云, 张杰, 张萌萌, 曹润珊, 曹馨悦. 黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤养分空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 743-754.
[4]	邱冬冬, 闫家国, 张树岩, 左佃龙, 刘泽正, 汪方芳, 王青, 崔保山. 滨海湿地退化区鸟类刨坑觅食行为促进植被的恢复[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2): 449-459.
[5]	李文君, 肖池伟, 封志明, 李鹏, 祁月基. 2015年厄尔尼诺年东南亚主要国家活跃火发生类型与影响分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(10): 2539-2552.
[6]	臧玉珠, 刘彦随, 杨园园. 山区县域土地利用格局变化及其地形梯度效应——以井冈山市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(7): 1391-1404.
[7]	陆荣杰, 王莺, 吴家森, 姜培坤. 不同经营方式毛竹林氮流失年动态规律[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(6): 1296-1305.
[8]	陶雯, 张旭博, 孙志刚, 李仕冀, 刘晓洁, 张崇玉, 欧阳竹, 成升魁. 华北引黄灌区粮食产量与农业土壤资源质量时空分布特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 829-838.
[9]	王浩, 罗格平, 王伟胜, PACHIKINKonstantin, 李耀明, 郑宏伟, 胡伟杰. 基于多源遥感数据的锡尔河中下游农田土壤水分反演[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(12): 2717-2731.
[10]	张钦弟, 卫伟, 陈利顶, 杨磊. 黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(8): 1351-1362.
[11]	张冰琦, 郭静, 于溪, 李强, 陈晋. 中国2000—2010年耕地低效转化的空间特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(7): 1230-1243.
[12]	范雪薇, 刘海隆. 天山山区TRMM降水数据的空间降尺度研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(3): 478-488.
[13]	厉彦玲, 赵庚星. 黄河三角洲典型地区耕地土壤养分空间预测[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(3): 489-503.
[14]	彭秋志, 唐铃, 陈杰, 吴亚玲, 陈相泽. 2000—2015年深圳市建设用地坡谱演变研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(12): 2200-2212.
[15]	王学春, 李军, 王红妮, 郝明德. 黄土高原冬小麦田土壤水分与小麦产量对降水和气温变化响应的模拟研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(8): 1398-1410.