青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160228

自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 210-222.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160228

青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局

朱桂丽^{1, 2}, 李杰³, 魏学红^{1, *}, 何念鹏^{2, *}

1. 西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101;
3. 东北师范大学草地科学研究所,长春 130024

收稿日期:2016-03-08 出版日期:2017-02-15 发布日期:2017-02-15
作者简介:朱桂丽（1989- ）,女,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为高寒草地生态学。E-mail: 1414849176@qq.com *通信作者简介：魏学红（1968- ）,男,教授,研究方向为高寒草地生态。E-mail: wxueh@yahoo.com.cn *通信作者简介：何念鹏（1976- ）,男,研究员,研究方向为生物地球化学、化学计量生态学、样带研究、全球变化与陆地生态系统。E-mail: henp@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31470506）; 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所可桢青年杰出人才项目（2013RC102）

Longitudinal Patterns of Productivity and Plant Diversity in Tibetan Alpine Grasslands

ZHU Gui-li^{1, 2}, LI Jie³, WEI Xue-hong¹, HE Nian-peng²

1. Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Institute of Grassland Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China

Received:2016-03-08 Online:2017-02-15 Published:2017-02-15
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31470506; Young Talents Program by Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, No. 2013RC102. ]

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沿昌都到噶尔县的经度梯度,对西藏典型高寒草地植被生产力与植物多样性开展了1 700 km的野外样带调查。实验结果表明：高寒草地的群落结构特征（地上生物量、地下生物量、盖度和密度）与生物多样性（物种丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度）均具有明显的经度分布格局。整体而言,这些特征参数均表现出自西向东沿荒漠草原—典型草原—草甸草原呈逐渐递增的趋势;其经度格局主要受降雨量和平均气温所趋动,但降雨量和平均温度的影响在不同指标间存在较大差异;地上生物量由二者共同决定,而物种丰富度受降雨量的影响更大。西藏高寒草地的物种丰富度与地上生物量间存在显著的幂指数关系（y=0.219 7 x 0.754 9, R²= 0.61, P< 0.01）。上述规律的发现,不仅有利于我们更好地理解高寒草地对未来气候变化的响应机制与适应途径,也将帮助我们合理制定放牧策略以实现该地区高寒草地的可持续发展。

关键词: 地上生物量, 地下生物量, 高寒草地, 物种多样性

Abstract: In this study, we conducted an integrative field investigation for the grassland community, productivity, and plant diversity in the Tibetan Plateau grasslands along a 1 700-km west-east transect. The properties of plant communities (e.g., aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, coverage, and density) and indices of plant diversity (e.g., richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) showed longitudinal patterns along the west-east transect. All these indices increased significantly from the alpine desert, alpine meadow steppe, to alpine meadow in the Tibetan Plateau. Climatic factors (mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) were the main factors controlling these longitudinal patterns, but their relative contributions to different parameters differed. MAT and MAP both controlled aboveground biomass, but the influence of MAP on plant richness was much higher than that of MAT. There was significant power-function relation between aboveground biomass and plant richness in the Tibetan Plateau grasslands ( y=0.219 7x0.754 9, R²=0.61, P<0.01). These findings provide insights into the response and feedback of Tibetan Plateau grasslands to the climate change in the future, and may help us to effectively protect the Tibetan Plateau grasslands and promote its sustainable development.

Key words: aboveground biomass, alpine steppe, belowground biomass, plant diversity

中图分类号:

Q948

朱桂丽, 李杰, 魏学红, 何念鹏. 青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(2): 210-222.

ZHU Gui-li, LI Jie, WEI Xue-hong, HE Nian-peng. Longitudinal Patterns of Productivity and Plant Diversity in Tibetan Alpine Grasslands[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2017, 32(2): 210-222.

参考文献

[1] 武建双, 李晓佳, 沈振西, 等. 藏北高寒草地样带物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局 [J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 17-25. [WU J S, LI X J, SHEN Z X, et al. Species diversity distribution pattern of alpine grasslands communities along a precipitation gradient across northern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(3): 17-25. ]
[2] 保娅, 达哇卓玛. 高山嵩草群落生物多样性与土壤养分的相关性研究 [J]. 青海草业, 2015, 24(2): 12-15. [BAO Y, DA WA Z M. Study on relationship between Kobresia pygmaea community bio-diversity and soil nutrition. Qinghai Prataculture, 2015, 24(2): 12-15. ]
[3] 李英年, 张法伟, 刘安花, 等. 矮嵩草草甸土壤温湿度对植被盖度变化的响应 [J]. 中国农业气象, 2006, 27(4): 265-268, 272. [LI Y N, ZHANG F W, LIU A H, et al. Responses of soil temperature and humidity to changes of vegetation coverage in alpine Kobresia tibetica meadow. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2006, 27(4): 265-268, 272. ]
[4] 覃光莲, 杜国祯, 李自珍, 等. 高寒草甸植物群落中物种多样性与生产力关系研究 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2002, 26(S1): 57-62. [TAN G L, DU G Z, LI Z Z, et al. Relationship between productivity and species diversity in alpine meadow plant community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2002, 26(S1): 57-62. ]
[5] FU G, ZHANG X Z, ZHANG Y J, et al. Experimental warming does not enhance gross primary production and above-ground biomass in the alpine meadow of Tibet [J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2013, 7(1): 073505. doi:10.1117/1.JRS.7.073505.
[6] WEI X H, YANG P, LI S, et al. Effects of over grazing on plant species diversity of alpine Kobresia ( Kobresia pygmaea ) meadow in Tibet [J]. Proceedings of the China Association for Science and Technology, 2008, 4(3): 190-197.
[7] WU J S, ZHANG X Z, SHEN Z X, et al. Grazing-exclusion effects on aboveground biomass and water-use efficiency of alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau [J]. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2013, 66(4):454-461.
[8] XIONG D P, SHI P L, SUN Y L, et al. Effects of grazing exclusion on plant productivity and soil carbon, nitrogen storage in alpine meadows in northern Tibet, China [J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 24(4): 488-498.
[9] FASSNACHT F E, LI L, FRITZ A. Mapping degraded grassland on the eastern Tibetan Plateau with multi-temporal Landsat 8 data—Where do the severely degraded areas occur? [J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2015, 42: 115-127.
[10] WANG J B, SUN W Y. Comparison of Huanjing and Landsat satellite remote sensing of the spatial heterogeneity of Qinghai-Tibet alpine grassland [C]// JACKSON T J, CHEN J M, GONG P, et al. Land Surface Remote Sensing II. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9260 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA 2014), 92603E. Beijing, China, 2014. doi:10.1117/12.2069022.
[11] WEN Q K, ZHANG Z X, LIU S, et al. Classification of grassland types by MODIS time-series images in Tibet, China [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2010, 3(3): 404-409.
[12] 蔡蕾, 潘远智, 何飞, 等. 高寒草甸花卉生物多样性与生物量海拔梯度特征研究动态 [J]. 四川林业科技, 2011, 32(3): 60-65. [CAI L, PAN Y Z, HE F, et al. Relations of biological diversity and biomass of alpine meadow flowers to their elevation gradients. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2011, 32(3): 60-65. ]
[13] 拉琼, 扎西次仁, 朱卫东, 等. 雅鲁藏布江河岸植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释 [J]. 生物多样性, 2014, 2(3):337-347. [LA Q, ZHA XI C R, ZHU W D,et al. Plant species-richness and association with environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet, China. Biodiversity Science, 2014, 2(3): 337-347. ]
[14] 刘哲, 李奇, 陈懂懂, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸物种多样性的海拔梯度分布格局及对地上生物量的影响 [J]. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(4): 451-462. [LIU Z, LI Q, CHEN D D, et al. Patterns of plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient and its effect on above-ground biomass in alpine meadows in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 2015, 23(4): 451-462. ]
[15] 段敏杰, 高清竹, 万运帆, 等. 放牧对藏北紫花针茅高寒草原植物群落特征的影响 [J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(14): 3892-3900. [DUAN M J, GAO Q Z, WAN Y H, et al. Effect of grazing on community characteristics and species diversity of Stipa purpurea alpine grassland in northern Tibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(14): 3892-3900. ]
[16] 张伟, 孙海松. 黄河源区藏嵩草沼泽化草甸群落结构特征的研究 [J]. 青海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 33(1): 1-7, 13. [ZHANG W, SUN H S. The characteristics of Kobresia tibetica marsh meadow communities at the Yellow River source zone. Journal of Qinghai University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 33(1): 1-7, 13. ]
[17] 董全民, 赵新全, 马玉寿, 等. 放牧对小嵩草草甸生物量及不同植物类群生长率和补偿效应的影响 [J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(9): 2640-2650. [DONG Q M, ZHAO X Q, MA Y S, et al. Influence of grazing on biomass growth ratio and compensatory effect of different plant groups in Kobresia parva meadow. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(9): 2640-2650. ]
[18] GAO Q Z, LI Y, WAN Y F, et al. Dynamics of alpine grassland NPP and its response to climate change in northern Tibet [J]. Climatic Change, 2009, 97: 515-528.
[19] ZHANG X K, LU X Y, WANG X. Spatial-temporal NDVI variation of different alpine grassland classes and groups in northern Tibet from 2000 to 2013 [J]. Mountain Research and Development, 2015, 35(3): 254-263.
[20] 巴图娜存, 胡云锋, 毕力格吉夫, 等. 蒙古高原乌兰巴托—锡林浩特草地样带植物物种的空间分布 [J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(1): 24-36. [BATUNACUN, HU Y F, BILIGEJIFU, et al. Spetial distribution and variety of grass species on the Ulan Bator-Xilinhot Transect of Mongolian Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(1): 24-36. ]
[21] 李英年, 王启基, 周兴民. 矮嵩草草甸年净生产量对气象条件响应的判别分析 [J]. 草地学报, 1996, 4(2): 155-161. [LI Y N, WANG Q J, ZHOU X M. Discriminant analysis of annual net production in alpine meadow to meteorological condition. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1996, 4(2): 155-161. ]
[22] 黄瑞灵, 周华坤, 刘泽华, 等. 长江源区高山嵩草物候与生物量动态及其对气候变化的响应 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2012, 32(5):1021-1026. [HUANG R L, ZHOU H K, LIU Z H, et al. Response of Kobresia pygmaea phenology and biomass to climate change in the Yangtze headwaters region. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2012, 32(5): 1021-1026. ]
[23] 毛学诗, 朱庆斌. 天然牧草产量与气象条件的关系 [J]. 中国草原, 1983(4): 46-50. [MAO X S, ZHU Q B. The relationship between natural herbage yield and meteorological condition. Grassland of China, 1983(4): 46-50. ]
[24] 蒲继延, 李英年, 赵亮, 等. 矮嵩草草甸生物量季节动态及其与气候因子的关系 [J]. 草地学报, 2005, 13(3): 238-241. [PU J Y, LI Y N, ZHAO L, et al. The relationship between seasonal changes of Kobresia Humilis meadow biomass and the meteorological factors. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2005, 13(3): 238-241. ]
[25] 张庆. 内蒙古短花针茅草原生物多样性格局及环境解释 [D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2011. [ZHANG Q. Biodiversity Patterns and Environmental Interpretation of Stipa breviflora Grassland in Inner Mongolia. Huhhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2011. ]
[26] 周金星, 易作明, 李冬雪, 等. 青藏铁路沿线原生植被多样性分布格局研究 [J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(3): 173-177, 187. [ZHOU J X, YI Z M, LI D X, et al. Distribution patterns of species diversity research of natural vegetation along Qinghai-Tibetan Railway. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(3): 173-177, 187. ]
[27] 杨元合, 饶胜, 胡会峰, 等. 青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系 [J]. 生物多样性, 2004, 12(1): 200-205. [YANG Y H, RAO S, HU H F, et al. Plant species richness of alpine grasslands in relationship to environmental factors and biomass on the Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 2004, 12(1): 200-205. ]
[28] 田海芬. 大青山山地植物群落和生物多样性空间分布格局研究 [D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2013. [TIAN H F. Spatial Distribution Pattern of Plant Community and Biodiversity in Daqingshan Mountain. Huhhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2013. ]
[29] 张云飞, 乌云娜, 杨持. 草原植物群落物种多样性与结构稳定性之间的相关性分析 [J]. 内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 28(3): 130-134. [ZHANG Y F, WU Y N, YANG C. The relationship between biodiversity and structure stability among grassland plant communities. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Neimogol, 1997, 28(3): 130-134. ]
[30] 朱霞, 鲁子豫, 毛富仁. 三江源区高寒草甸生物多样性影响因子分析——以称多县珍秦乡高寒草甸为例 [J]. 青海师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 29(1): 47-51. [ZHU X, LU Z Y, MAO F R. The analysis on impact factor of the biodiversity of alpine meadow in Three-river Headwater Region—Take the alpine meadow as an example in Zhenqin Township of Chengduo County. Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2013, 29(1): 47-51. ]
[31] WAIDE R B, WILLIG M R, STEINER C F, et al. The relationship between productivity and species richness [J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1999, 30: 257-300.
[32] ADLER P B, SEABLOOM E W, BORER E T, et al. Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness [J]. Science, 2011, 333: 1750-1753.
[33] FRIDLEY J D, GRIME J P, HUSTON M A, et al. Comment on “Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness” [J]. Science, 2012, 335(6075): 1441.
[34] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王启基, 等. 高寒草甸不同草地群落物种多样性与生产力关系研究 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5): 483-487. [WANG C T, LONG R J, WANG Q J, et al. Relationship between species diversity and productivity in four types of alpine meadow plant communities. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(5): 483-487. ]
[35] HARRISON S, GRACE J B. Biogeographic affinity helps explain productivity-richness relationships at regional and local scale [J]. American Naturalist, 2007, 170: S5-S15.

青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局

Longitudinal Patterns of Productivity and Plant Diversity in Tibetan Alpine Grasslands

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 10

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	戴尔阜, 汪晓帆, 朱建佳, 王晓莉. 采伐与人工更新对红壤丘陵区森林面积和地上生物量的影响模拟——以会同县磨哨林场为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(12): 2995-3006.
[2]	张钦弟, 卫伟, 陈利顶, 杨磊. 黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(8): 1351-1362.
[3]	程乾, 陈奕霏, 李顺达, 徐俊锋. 基于高分1号卫星和地面实测数据的杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(11): 1938-1948.
[4]	巴图娜存, 胡云锋, 毕力格吉夫, 刘纪远, 甄霖. 蒙古高原乌兰巴托—锡林浩特草地样带植物物种的空间分布[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(1): 24-36.
[5]	除多, 德吉央宗, 普布次仁, 姬秋梅, 唐红. 藏北草地地上生物量及遥感监测模型研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(11): 2000-2011.
[6]	宗宁, 石培礼, 宋明华, 林琳, 马维玲, 蔣婧, 付刚, 何永涛, 张宪洲. 模拟放牧改变了氮添加作用下高寒草甸生物量的分配模式[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012, (10): 1696-1707.
[7]	张健, 刘国彬. 黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式对沟谷地植物群落生物量和物种多样性的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(2): 207-217.
[8]	干友民, 成平, 周纯兵, 罗元佳, 匡瑜, 张晓慧. 若尔盖亚高山草甸地上生物量与植被指数关系研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(11): 1963-1972.
[9]	鲁春霞, 于格, 谢高地, 肖玉. 高寒草地土壤保持功能的风洞模拟及其定量评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(2): 319-326.
[10]	常学礼, 鲁春霞, 高玉葆. 科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段植物种多样性与沙地草场地上生物量关系研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18(4): 475-482.