水文变异条件下的黄河干流生态径流特征及生态效应

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.20160068

自然资源学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2021-2033.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160068

水文变异条件下的黄河干流生态径流特征及生态效应

张宗娇¹, 张强^2*, 顾西辉¹, 孔冬冬¹, 李彬^{3, 4}, 刘廷玺⁴

1. 中山大学 a. 水资源与环境系, b. 华南地区水循环与水安全广东省普通高校重点实验室,广州 510275;
2. 北京师范大学 a. 环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, b. 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, c. 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京100875;
3. 内蒙古自治区水利厅,呼和浩特 010020;
4. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2016-01-18 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-12-20
通讯作者: 张强（1974- ）,男,山东沂水人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事流域气象水文学研究、旱涝灾害机理、流域地表水文过程及其对气候变化的响应机制与机理以及流域生态需水等领域的研究工作。Email:zhangq68@bnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张宗娇（1993- ）,女,湖北黄冈人,硕士,主要从事流域地表水文过程研究。E-mail:1347902753@qq.com

Changes of Eco-flow due to Hydrological Alterations in theYellow River Basin

ZHANG Zong-jiao¹, ZHANG Qiang², GU Xi-hui¹, KONG Dong-dong¹, LI Bin^{3, 4}, LIU Ting-xi⁴

1. a. Department of Water Resources and Environment, b. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. a. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, b. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, c. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3. Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
4. Water Resources Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010020, China

Received:2016-01-18 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-12-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 51425903; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No. 1508085MD65.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河流域地表水文过程受气候变化与如水库拦蓄等人类活动的严重影响,发生显著变化,多次出现断流现象。深入理解水文变异条件下的径流特征及生态效应,对于黄河流域水资源管理及水资源可持续开发利用具有重要意义。基于此,论文利用多水文指标研究水文变异过程,结合基于流量历时曲线（FDC）的生态剩余和生态赤字等生态径流指标以及水文变异总体评价指标D_o和DHRAM（Dundee Hydrological Regime Alteration Method）来描述黄河干流大中型水利工程对下游河道水文情势的改变程度,并根据多样性指标SI和IHA（Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration）的拟合关系,进一步分析水文变异的生态效应。研究表明：1）水文情势变异后,FDC整体下移,低于25% FDC流量部分大幅增加,产生生态赤字;2）从上游到下游,降水对各站生态径流指标的影响逐步减小,水库对生态径流指标的影响愈益增大;3）各生态径流指标与大部分IHA指标具有较好的相关关系,能够体现IHA参数的主要信息,可作为衡量黄河流域年和季节径流变化的生态径流指标;4）综合D_o和DHRAM的评价结果,径流过程变异对各站生态风险的影响为：花园口、孙口和利津站为高风险,头道拐和兰州为中等风险,唐乃亥和龙门为低风险;各水文站SI值在20世纪80年代之后均出现下降趋势,其中花园口、孙口和利津3个站的下降幅度较大,生物多样性锐减。

关键词: IHA, 黄河, 生态径流指标, 生物多样性, 水文变异

Abstract:

Streamflow changes of the Yellow River Basin are heavily influenced by climate changes and human activities such as construction of water reservoirs, hence significant hydrological alterations and even dry-up events happened. In this case, deep understanding of eco-flow changes as a result of hydrological alterations is of great scientific and practical merits in scientific water management and sustainable exploitation of water resources of the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, this study attempts to quantify eco-flow and ecohydrological processes, and describes changes of streamflow downstream to hydraulic facilities in the Yellow River Basin using integrated ecological evaluation index, D_o and DHRAM. Besides, SI and IHA 33 are used to analyze ecological effects of hydrological alterations. The results indicated that: 1) FDC is subject to general decrease due to hydrological alterations, and most streamflow components are lower than 25% FDC. Ecodeficit is evident in this case. 2) Impacts of precipitation on ecoflow indices are generally decreasing from upper to the lower Yellow River Basin while water reservoirs have enhancing influences on ecoflow indices. 3) ecohydrological indices are all in good relations with IHA, showing that ecohydrological variations are closely related to hydrological alterations in the Yellow River Basin. 4) Based on evaluation results with D_o and DHRAM, ecological environmental risks caused by hydrological alterations are higher at Huayuankou, Sunkou and Lijin stations, moderate at Toudaoguai and Lanzhou stations and lower at Tangnaihai and Longmen stations. Ecological diversity is in significant decrease from upper to the lower Yellow River Basin. The results of this study shed new light on sustainable exploitation of water resources and ecological health of the Yellow River Basin. Human activities should be adapted to eco-flow changes.

Key words: ecohydrological indices, Ecological diversity, Hydrological alterations, IHA

中图分类号:

P333.1

张宗娇, 张强, 顾西辉, 孔冬冬, 李彬, 刘廷玺. 水文变异条件下的黄河干流生态径流特征及生态效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(12): 2021-2033.

ZHANG Zong-jiao, ZHANG Qiang, GU Xi-hui, KONG Dong-dong, LI Bin, LIU Ting-xi. Changes of Eco-flow due to Hydrological Alterations in theYellow River Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2016, 31(12): 2021-2033.

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水文变异条件下的黄河干流生态径流特征及生态效应

Changes of Eco-flow due to Hydrological Alterations in theYellow River Basin

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