Abstract: The paper analyzes the characteristics of spatial-temporal change and factors of the cold island effect in the Shihezi Oasis based on the remote sensed Landsat TM/ETM+ and Landsat 8 TIRS data in 1989, 2000 and 2013 as well as NDVI, LUCC and annual average rainfall data. The results showed that the cold island effect of Shihezi Oasis firstly went weakened and then became strengthened in recent 25 years. There were two heat center, which located in the southern and eastern of the study area. NDVI and LST have a significant negative correlation (R= -0.912). The vegetation index in extreme-high temperature and high temperature area is low. In 1989-2000, the proportion of extreme-low temperature and low temperature area increased 1.1 times. The reason is that some grassland, woodland and farmland turned into water which led to the cold island effect of oasis increased. During 2000-2013, the area of farmland and grassland reduced, while the proportion of extreme-high temperature and high temperature area increased from 19.64% to 26.75%, since the expansion of construction land resulted in the weakening of the oasis cold island effect. It disclosed that LST is closely related with NDVI and LUCC. In addition, urbanization index and temperature are also influence factors of the cold island effect. The temperature risen in the Shihezi Oasis is consistent with global warming. It is important that we should make use of the cold island effect of the oasis in the future urban development.