自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1197-1209.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.07.012

• 资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征

张广纳1, 邵景安1,2, 王金亮1, 倪九派3, 谢德体3   

  1. 1. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院, 重庆 400047;
    2. 三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400047;
    3. 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-28 修回日期:2014-08-23 出版日期:2015-07-20 发布日期:2015-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 邵景安(1976-),男,汉族,安徽亳州人,博士,研究员,主要从事土地利用与生态过程研究。E-mail:shao_ja2003@sohu.com E-mail:shao_ja2003@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:张广纳(1987-),男,汉族,山西人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业面源污染与土地利用研究。E-mail:1021867475@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技重大专项“水体污染控制与治理”(2012ZX07104-003);重庆市自然科学重点基金“基于库周气象数据的三峡水库地表覆被变化气候效应的情景模拟”(2010JJ0069)。

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing

ZHANG Guang-na1, SHAO Jing-an1,2, WANG Jin-liang1, NI Jiu-pai3, XIE De-ti3   

  1. 1. College of Geographical Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing, in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 400047, China;
    3. College of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2014-04-28 Revised:2014-08-23 Online:2015-07-20 Published:2015-07-14

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26 | 16

摘要：

论文以三峡库区重庆段21 个区县为实例,利用空间自相关及冷热点分析方法,在区县级尺度上,研究了化学肥料施用、有机肥施用、农作物秸秆、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活污水、生活垃圾和农田土壤侵蚀等8 个来源中农业面源污染化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)的时空变化特征,结果表明:① 从Moran's I 值判断,2005—2011年间,三峡库区重庆段的COD、BOD5、TN、TP在区域上一直处于较高的集聚状态,2005—2008年集聚减弱,2008—2011 年集聚增强。② 从COD、BOD5、TN、TP排放总量来看,由农业面源污染引起的COD、BOD5、TN、TP 绝对排放量,2005 年分别为15.85×104、7.35×104、5.50×104 和0.97×104 t·a-1;2008 年分别为10.93×104、6.45×104、5.60×104 和1.04×104 t·a-1;2011 年分别为14.67×104、8.68×104、6.94×104和1.14×104 t·a-1。COD、BOD5 绝对排放总量经历了先降后升的趋势,TN和TP绝对排放总量则一直处于增长的态势。③ 从冷热点分析结果来看,三峡库区腹地是热点区域的集中区,而三峡库区库尾都市核心区是冷点区域集中区。

关键词: 三峡库区, 农业面源污染, 冷热点

Abstract:

According to the investigation on the pollution sources of chemical fertilizer, organic manure, Crops straw, breeding, aquiculture, dormitory sewage, dormitory wastes and soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of Chongqing, the spatial and temporal features of agricultural non-point source pollution (NPSP) were analyzed with the ArcGIS software. Spatial and temporal variations of the absolute discharge amount of NPSP in the TGRA of Chongqing were analyzed at the districts (counties) level using the spatial cluster and hot and cold spots analysis methods. There were three major findings from the study: 1) Moran' s I Index values remained high from 2005 to 2011 (although with a downward trend in 2008). 2) The results showed that the absolute discharge amounts of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 158.5, 73.5, 55.0 and 9.7 thousand ton per year in 2005. The absolute discharge amounts of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 109.3, 64.5, 56.0 and 10.4 thousand ton per year in 2008. The absolute discharge amounts of COD, BOD5, TN and TP from NPSP were 146.7, 86.8, 69.4 and 11.4 thousand ton per year in 2011. The absolute discharge amount of COD, BOD5 experienced a trend of raise after a drop, but the absolute discharge amount of TN and TP always showed upward trend from 2005 to 2011.3) Judging from the results of the hot and cold spots analysis, the inner section of the TGRA of Chongqing was the hotspots, whereas the metropolis' core district at the end of the TGRA of Chongqing was the cold spots. The primary pollution districts (counties) were Yunyang, Wanzhou and Kaixian, which all locate in the inner section of the TRGA of Chongqing. The study provided the scientific basis for the evaluation of NPSP in Chongqing.

Key words: hot and cold spots, agricultural non-point source pollution, the Three Gorges Reservoir area

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  • X502