自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 315-326.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.02.014

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1957—2012 年中国参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其影响因子分析

黄会平1,2, 曹明明1, 宋进喜1, 韩宇平2, 陈姗姗1   

  1. 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安710127;
    2. 华北水利水电大学资源与环境学院, 郑州450045
  • 收稿日期:2014-02-26 修回日期:2014-05-23 出版日期:2015-02-20 发布日期:2015-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 韩宇平(1975-),宁夏彭阳人,博士,教授,主要从事水资源系统工程研究。E-mail:hanyp@ncwu.edu.cn E-mail:hanyp@ncwu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄会平(1979-),女,河南许昌人,讲师,博士研究生,主要从事水资源与地理信息系统研究。E-mail:huanghuiping@ncwu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“虚拟水转化运移驱动机制及调控研究”(51279063);水利部“948”项目“粮食主产区地下水实时评价关键技术与示范”(201328);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0794)。

Temporal and Spatial Changes of Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Influencing Factors in China from 1957 to 2012

HUANG Hui-ping1,2, CAO Ming-ming1, SONG Jin-xi1, HAN Yu-ping2, CHEN Shan-shan1   

  1. 1. College of Urban Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China;
    2. School of Resources and Environment, North China University ofWater Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China
  • Received:2014-02-26 Revised:2014-05-23 Online:2015-02-20 Published:2015-02-10
  • About author:10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.02.014

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摘要：

根据1957—2012 年全国608 个气象站的逐日气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith 公式计算作物潜在蒸散量,对全国及水资源一级分区潜在蒸散量时空分布特征、变化趋势进行分析;基于ArcGIS 及SPSS 软件,采用主成分分析方法,对潜在作物蒸散量的影响因子及其分布特征进行探讨。结果表明:近56 a来,全国年潜在蒸散量在616~2 128 mm之间,河西走廊、南部岭南地区、海南岛以及华南沿海作物潜在蒸散量较大,而在黑龙江一带、四川盆地及西南地区东部,潜在蒸发量较小。各分区年均潜在蒸发量均呈现减少趋势,西北诸河区倾向率最大,为-12.22 mm/10 a;影响潜在蒸散量的因子中,第1 主成分为热力学因子,第2 主成分为水分因子和辐射因子,第3主成分为地理因子和空气动力学因子,第4主成分为高程因子。

关键词: 参考作物蒸散量, 主成分分析, ArcGIS

Abstract:

According to daily meteorological data of 608 weather stations in China from 1957 to 2012, the thesis analyzes the temporal and spatial changes and trends of the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in China using Penman-Monteith formula. Based on ArcGIS, SPSS and principal component analysis, this paper discusses the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ET0. The results show that in the 56 years the average annual ET0 is between 616 and 2128 mm with the average of 1104 mm, and the highest value is 3.45 times of the lowest. In the Hexi Corridor, South of the Five Ridges, Hainan Island and the coastal area of southern China, ET0 is comparatively larger; however, in the northeast region of Heilongjiang, Sichuan basin and the east region of the southwestern area, ET0 is smaller. The ET0 of ten hydrological regions indicates decline trend, and the rate of the Northwest Rivers region is -12.22 mm/10 a. The rate of Haihe, Liaohe, Huaihe, Yangtze region is -9.15, -9.11, -8.02, -5.44 mm/10 a respectively. In Huanghe, Southeast, Southwest, Songhua regions, the decline rate is comparatively smaller. The interannual fluctuation in Huanghe and Southwest Rivers region is sever. The peak and minimum value appears in different month in ten regions. The maximum appears in July in Northwest Rivers, Huanghe, Southeast Rivers, Yangtze and Zhujiang regions, in May in the Southwest, Liaohe, Songhua, Haihe regions, while in June in Huaihe regions. Among influencing factors of ET0, the first principal component is the thermodynamic factor, the second principal component is the moisture and radiation factor, the third component is constitute of the geographic and aerodynamic factors, and the elevation factor composes the fourth.

Key words: potential evapotranspiration, ArcGIS, principal component analysis

中图分类号: 

  • S161.4