自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1531-1541.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.09.008

• 资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘南尕海泥炭沼泽地退化过程土壤特征和水源涵养功能的变化

马维伟1, 王辉1, 王跃思2, 黄蓉1, 石小伟3   

  1. 1. 甘肃农业大学林学院, 兰州730070;
    2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京100029;
    3. 甘肃则岔自然保护区管理局, 甘肃碌曲747200
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-16 修回日期:2014-01-24 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 王辉，E-mail：wangh@gsau.edu.cn E-mail:wangh@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马维伟（1980-），男，甘肃人，讲师，主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究。E-mail：maww@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（31260155）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金联合资助课题（20126202110006）；甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新项目（GSAU-STS-1244）。

Changes of Soil Properties and Water Conservation Function inthe Degradation Process of Gahai Peat Bog in Gannan

MAWei-wei1, WANG Hui1, WANG Yue-si2, HUANG Rong1, SHI Xiao-wei3   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China;
    3. Gahai Zecha Nature Reserve Administration, Luqu 747200, China
  • Received:2013-09-16 Revised:2014-01-24 Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-09-20

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被引次数

11 | 9

摘要：

由于气候变化、过度放牧、沟蚀及修路等人为影响，尕海泥炭沼泽地出现退化现象。为了查明尕海泥炭沼泽地退化过程土壤性质和水源涵养功能的变化趋势，采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法，对该区域4 种不同退化阶段泥炭沼泽地土壤性质和水源涵养功能进行了调查研究。结果表明： 随着尕海泥炭沼泽地退化程度的加剧，0~40 cm层土壤平均容重逐渐增大，总孔隙度逐渐减小，且容重和孔隙度在土壤剖面自然分布规律发生变化；土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和水解氮含量呈逐渐降低趋势，铵态氮呈增大趋势，全磷、全钾无明显变化规律，但均沿土壤剖面分布呈波动性变化；土壤自然含水量、最小蓄水量和毛管蓄水量均为未退化最大，中度退化最小；方差分析结果表明不同退化阶段泥炭沼泽地土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机质、氨态氮及其土壤蓄水性能均存在显著差异。土壤饱和蓄水量和毛管蓄水量与有机质之间存在显著正相关，并受植被盖度和泥炭层厚度的影响。研究结果表明地下水位、植被盖度、土壤有机质含量及泥炭层厚度的下降是导致尕海泥炭沼泽地退化过程土壤性质和水源涵养功能变化的主要原因。

关键词: 土壤性质, 退化阶段, 水源涵养功能, 尕海泥炭沼泽地

Abstract:

Peat bogs have seriously degraded due to global change and human disturbance andovergrazing of pastures in Gahai wetlands of Gansu Province. Using an approach of spatial sequenceinstead of temporal sequence, the investigations were conducted at four different degradationstages of peat bogs to find out the changing trends of soil properties and water conservationfunctions during the peat bogs degradation. The results showed: With the increase of peatbogs degradation gradient, 1) the average soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layers increased continuously,soil total porosity decreased gradually, and they both changed in different soil profiles.2)The value of soil chemical properties containing the soil organic matter, total nitrogen(TN), available potassium (AK) and hydrolysis nitrogen (HN) decreased gradually, ammoniumnitrogen (AN) increased gradually, the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium had nodefinite trend, whereas they were fluctuating changes along the soil profiles. 3) The highest contentsof soil natural moisture, minimum storage and capillary storage were found in the non-degradedpeat bogs, while the lowest were the middle-degraded. The results of variance analysisshowed that the soil bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, AN and water storage capacityhad significant differences among different degradation stages (P<0.05). The soil saturated storageand capillary storage were positively correlated with the soil organic material content (P<0.05), as well as influenced by plant coverage and depth of peat soil indirectly. These results indicatedthat the basically reasons for changes of soil properties and water conservation functionamong degradation process of Gahai peat bogs were the draw down of ground water and the decreasesof plant coverage, soil organic material and peat soil depth.

Key words: Gahai peat bog, water conservation function, soil properties, degradation stages

中图分类号: 

  • S152