Abstract: The location differences among the upper, middle and lower Poyang Lake Basincaused the inner unbalanced development leads to hindering the process of the basin's economicintegration. In this study, the matrix of economic game profit and loss was calculated basedon the game model of the Poyang Lake Basin, and then the Nash equilibrium of game theory,organization's structure and the inner reason of non-cooperation were analyzed. Meanwhile,itput forward the framework of coordination mechanism of the basin's economy, and also constructedthe policy path optimizing organizational structure efficiency of Pareto optimum, so asto provide the decision-making basis for the socio-economic equilibrium development among the upper,middle and lower Poyang Lake Basin. The results showed that: 1) The phenomenonof "hitchhike" in the process of basin economic development is a relatively rational subject notonly because the locals are seeking their own maximization-benefit, but the noncooperation isalso influenced by the different interests, co-operational levels and inner restraint of resourcesenvironment. 2) The overall benefits are gradually improved from the state of "non-cooperation" to "full cooperation" , and finally reaching the target of Pareto optimum of the whole andthe individual economic efficiency of the Poyang Lake Basin. 3) The evolution direction of cooperationorganization is opposite to the goal way of the whole basin's way. Additionally,which is non synchronous presentation of interactive between the choice of cooperation strategyand the individual income level while the cooperation structure is easy to be in a non-steadystate; 4) It is obvious that the organization structure is still lack of the effective internal impetusand self-reinforcing mechanism,those need the help of external force so as to ensure the stability of organization in the Poyang Lake Basin.