自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 643-652.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.04.009

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江苏海岸带滩涂围垦区土地利用类型变化研究——以江苏省如东县为例

许艳1, 濮励杰1,2   

  1. 1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 南京210023;
    2. 国土资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室, 南京210023
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-10 修回日期:2013-06-03 出版日期:2014-04-20 发布日期:2014-04-20
  • 作者简介:许艳（1986-），女，江苏盐城人，土地利用与规划专业博士生。E-mail：xuyanxiaozz@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（41230751，41101547，40871255）；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目课题（2012BAC01B01）；江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目（CXLX12-0036）。

The Variation of Land Use Pattern in Tidal Flat Reclamation Zones in Jiangsu Coastal Area：A Case Study of Rudong County of Jiangsu Province

XU Yan1, PU Li-jie1,2   

  1. 1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    2. The Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2013-01-10 Revised:2013-06-03 Online:2014-04-20 Published:2014-04-20
  • Contact: 濮励杰（1965-），男，江苏吴江人，教授，博士，主要从事土地利用与生态环境研究。Email：ljpu@nju.edu.cn E-mail:ljpu@nju.edu.cn
  • About author:10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.04.009

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摘要：

滩涂围垦与开发是海岸带地区特有的土地利用模式，揭示新中国成立以来滩涂已开发围垦区土地利用类型结构能够为该地区未来土地利用与规划提供一个标尺。论文以江苏省如东县为例，从土地利用类型结构与土地利用类型综合指数两部分探讨新中国成立以来不同围垦年限滩涂围垦区土地利用类型结构变化特征，揭示土地利用变化过程，对该地区土地可持续利用具有重要意义。结果表明：新中国成立以来，如东县不同年限围垦区土地利用类型变化存在阶段性特征。从围垦时间序列来看，农用地占比在30 a 围垦区最高，其变化呈现“S”型特征；建设用地呈现间歇性增长，周期为20 a，其中村庄用地在围垦10 a 逐步出现；未利用地一直下降，在40 a 围垦区保持稳定，主要类型为河流用地。滩涂围垦区土地利用强度在30 a 围垦区达到最高，呈现“S”型变化特征。土地利用多样性指数在30 a 围垦区达到最高值，呈现倒“U”型特征。滩涂围垦区土地利用类型演变存在三个阶段。江苏省沿海滩涂淤长为滩涂围垦奠定了自然基础条件，围垦初期，受到盐分的限制，只有耐盐植物和改良作物能够在滩涂土壤上生存，随着土壤不断脱盐，滩涂围垦区土地利用类型逐步多样化，在未来滩涂资源开发利用过程中，需要重点开展滨海盐土的开发复垦工作，严格审批新增建设用地，积极保护自然生态环境，实现沿海滩涂地区可持续发展。

关键词: 土地利用类型变化, 海岸带, 滩涂围垦区, 江苏

Abstract:

The reclamation and development of tidal flat is the specific land use pattern of coastal area. The variation characteristics of land use in coastal area can provide useful data for land use planning. This paper takes Rudong County as a case to discuss the variation of land use pattern in the tidal flat reclamation zones in Jiangsu coastal area by using the index of land use pattern structure, land use degree and land use diversity. The result shows that the variation of land use types has periodic characteristics from 1949 to 2013. The S-shaped curve and the turning point represent farmland increases in the 30 years after reclamation. The growth of construction land is intermittent with a period of 20 years. The village land use type appears 10 years after reclamation. Highway land and mining land are affected by port development and economic level of reclamation zones. The unused land decreases at first and then keeps staying at a stable level 40 years after reclamation. Land use degree increases in the S-shaped curve and the turning point appears 30 years after reclamation. The change curve of land use diversity shows an inverted U-shaped pattern, and the high point refers to 30 years after reclamation. The land use pattern process is divided into three stages, and the demarcation points are 10 years and 30 years. The formation of land use pattern is because that area of tidal flat increases as a result of marine dynamics. High salinity of soil makes land use pattern simple. Land use pattern is becoming diverse under the pressure of cropland protection, economic benefit, coastal planning, environmental protection and so on. Land use planning should consider to firstly improve soil quality for a 10-year period and planning time should be more than 30 years. Now, it is important for Jiangsu provincial government to pay more attention to the natural status of tidal flat and make great effort to the reclamation and development of tidal flat, in order to improve soil quality and realize sustainable development of tidal flat.

Key words: Jiangsu, coastal area, reclamation zone, land use pattern change

中图分类号: 

  • P748