自然资源学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 365-376.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.03.001

• 资源利用与管理 •    下一篇

黄土高原不同生态系统水土保持服务功能评价

孙文义, 邵全琴, 刘纪远   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-04 修回日期:2013-03-29 出版日期:2014-03-20 发布日期:2014-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 邵全琴,E-mail:shaoqq@lreis.ac.cn E-mail:shaoqq@lreis.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:孙文义(1983-),男,博士,研究方向为GIS与生态信息。E-mail:sunwy@lreis.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家973 计划项目“国家尺度生态系统服务功能变化及综合评估”(2009CB421105);国家973 计划项目“大尺度土地利用变化对全球气候的影响”(2010CB950900);国家科技支撑计划重点项目“三江源地区脆弱生态系统修复与可持续发展关键技术研究及其应用示”(2009BAC61B01)。

Assessment of Soil Conservation Function of the Ecosystem Services on the Loess Plateau

SUN Wen-yi, SHAO Quan-qin, LIU Ji-yuan   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2013-01-04 Revised:2013-03-29 Online:2014-03-20 Published:2014-03-20

摘要:

以土壤保持量为评估指标,应用修正通用土壤流失方程,评估了黄土高原水土保持生态系统服务功能,分析了近20 a 来的黄土高原土壤保持量的空间分布及其动态变化,对于揭示全球气候变化背景下黄土高原林草植被建设的生态成效具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。结果表明:1990—2010 年黄土高原平均单位面积土壤保持量为305 t·hm-2·a-1,年均土壤保持总量为190×108 t。1990—2000 年农田、草地和林地生态系统平均单位面积土壤保持量分别为249、285 和640 t·hm-2·a-1,2000—2010 年平均单位面积土壤保持量分别增加了14.6%、2.9%和7.4%。黄土高原草地和林地的土壤保持率分别为83%~88%和94%~97%。农田生态系统土壤保持量的空间分布特征表现为黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高塬沟壑区较大,农灌区和河谷平原区偏低;草地和林地生态系统土壤保持量的空间分布特征表现为沿东南向西北减少的变化趋势。与1990—2000 年不同,2000—2010 年农田、草地和林地生态系统土壤保持量的空间变化特征表现为较为明显的增长趋势,尤其是黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西榆林、延安地区和山西吕梁山区一带。

关键词: 生态系统服务功能, 黄土高原, 土壤保持量

Abstract:

Taking the amount of soil conservation as the assessment indicator, with the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, the soil conservation function of the ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau in China was assessed. The spatial distribution of the amount of soil conservation and its dynamic changes on the Loess Plateau in nearly 20 years was analyzed, which has significantly scientific and practical values in ecological benefits for vegetation reconstruction under the warming and drying climate. The results showed as follows. The per unit area soil conserved on the Loess Plateau was 305 t·hm-2·a-1 between 1990 and 2010, and the total amount of annual soil conserved was 190×108 t. The per unit area soil conserved amounts of farmland, grassland and forest ecosystems in 1990-2000 were 249, 285 and 640 t·hm-2·a-1, respectively, increased by 14.6%, 2.9% and 7.4% in 2000-2010. The percentage of soil retention rate of grassland ranged from 83% to 88%, for forest from 94% to 97% in 1990-2010 on the Loess Plateau. The characteristics of spatial distribution of soil conservation for farmland ecosystem showed that it was the highest in hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, and the lowest in agricultural irrigation region and the plain area. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil conservation for grassland and forest ecosystems showed a reduced trend along the southeast to northwest. Compared in 1990-2000, the amount of soil conservation for farmland, grassland and forest ecosystems showed an obvious increment in 2000-2010, especially in the hilly region in Yulin and Yan'an in Shaanxi Province and Lüliang Mountain areas in Shanxi Province.

Key words: Loess Plateau, ecosystem service, the amount of soil conservation

中图分类号: 

  • F062.2