• 资源评价 •

### 1961—2010年阿拉善左旗气温和地温的变化特征分析

1. 1. 中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081;
2. 四川省气候中心, 成都 610072;
3. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
• 收稿日期:2012-08-03 修回日期:2013-07-11 出版日期:2014-01-20 发布日期:2014-01-09
• 作者简介:陈超（1982- ），男，湖南人，博士，主要研究气候资源与农业减灾、气候变化对农业的影响。E-mail：chenchao16306@sina.com
• 基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951303)；中国气象局经常性专项业务费

### Characteristics of Air Temperature and Ground Temperature in Alxa Left Banner from 1961 to 2010

CHEN Chao1,2, ZHOU Guang-sheng*1,3

1. 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Sichuan Provincial Climate Centre, Chengdu 610072, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, CAS, Beijing 100093, China
• Received:2012-08-03 Revised:2013-07-11 Online:2014-01-20 Published:2014-01-09
• Contact: 周广胜（1965- ）， 男，江苏人，研究员，主要研究全球变化生态学。E-mail： gszhou@cams.cma.gov.cn E-mail:gszhou@cams.cma.gov.cn

Abstract: Lots of studies have focused on characteristics of air temperature, however, few studies have been done on characteristics of ground temperature and its relationship with air temperature. As a case study, the characteristics of ground temperature and its relationship with air temperature in arid region including variation trend, abrupt change, anomalous years of annual and seasonal mean air temperature and mean ground temperature are analyzed, based on the data of monthly mean air temperature and monthly mean ground temperature at 0-80 cm soil depths in Alxa weather station from 1961 to 2010, together with modern statistical diagnostic methods including the linear trend analysis, accumulated variance and signal-noise ratio. The results showed that there were good correlations between ground temperature at different depths and air temperature. Compared with annual mean temperature, annual ground temperature at 5-80 cm depths was higher and had a rising trend with the increase of the soil depth. The annual and seasonal mean air temperature and mean ground temperature displayed a significant increasing trend in recent 50 years, but the rise of mean air temperature and mean ground temperature was asymmetric. The ascending rate and range of annual mean air temperature were higher than changes of annual mean ground temperature at 5-80 cm depths. The ascending rates of air temperature, ground temperature at 0 cm and 80 cm were most obvious in winter, and the most significant increase of 5-40 cm ground temperature happened in spring. The mean ground temperature had a decreasing trend with the increase of the soil depth in both spring and summer. The air temperature was lower than 0-40 cm ground temperature and higher than 80 cm ground temperature in spring, and the air temperature was lower than 0-20 cm ground temperature and higher than 40-80 cm ground temperature in summer. The mean ground temperature had a rising trend with the increase of the soil depth in autumn and winter. The air temperature was lower than ground temperature at different depths in autumn, and the air temperature was higher than 0 cm ground temperature while lower than ground temperature at other layers in winter. Under global warming, the responses of annual, summer, autumn and winter air temperature to climate change were more significant than ground temperatures at different depths, while the responses of ground temperature at different depths to climate change were more significant than air temperature in spring. The difference between annual ground temperature at 5-80 cm depths and annual air temperature was reduced by 0.3-0.8℃ in recent 50 years, and the reducing amplitude of difference between annual mean ground temperature at 5-80 cm depths and annual mean air temperature decreased with the increase of the soil depth. The abrupt changes of annual mean air and ground temperatures at different depths occurred mainly in the 1980s and the 1990s, but no abrupt change in four seasons. The anomalous years of air temperature and ground temperatures at different depths were relatively consistent in four seasons, but there were less consistent of anomalous years between annual air and ground temperatures at different depths.

• P467