自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 1731-1742.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.10.008

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基于土壤系统结构的喀斯特流域水文干旱分析——以贵州省为例

贺中华1,2, 陈晓翔1, 梁虹2, 黄法苏3, 赵芳4   

  1. 1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院, 广州 510275;
    2. 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳 550001;
    3. 贵州省水文水资源局, 贵阳 550002;
    4. 贵州省贵阳市白云区职业技术学校, 贵阳 550014
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-29 修回日期:2012-12-17 出版日期:2013-10-20 发布日期:2013-10-20
  • 作者简介:贺中华(1976- ),男,贵州兴义,副教授,博士生,研究方向为环境遥感。E-mail: zhonghuahe@gznu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省水利厅自然科研基金(KT201105,KT201010,KT200802);贵州省教育厅自然科研基金(黔教科2009(0039),黔教科2006307);贵州省科技厅自然科研基金(黔科合J字〔2010〕2026号,黔科合J字〔2013〕2008号)

The Hydrological Drought Analysis of the Karst Basin Based on the Soil Systematic Structure—Taking Guizhou Province as a Case

HE Zhong-hua1,2, CHEN Xiao-xiang1, LIANG Hong2, HUANG Fa-su3, ZHAO Fang4   

  1. 1. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
    2. School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China;
    3. Department of Hydrology and Water-recource, Guiyang 550002, China;
    4. Vocational and Technical Schools, Baiyun District of Guiyang City, Guiyang 550014, China
  • Received:2012-08-29 Revised:2012-12-17 Online:2013-10-20 Published:2013-10-20
  • Contact: 陈晓翔(1956- ),男,教授,博导。E-mail: eescxx@mail.sysu.edu.cn E-mail:eescxx@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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6 | 1

摘要： 干旱是全球性普遍发生的一种自然现象,而喀斯特流域水文干旱不能简单归因于“气候异常、降水量减少”。论文将利用面向对象分类技术,提取土壤类型、土壤相对覆盖度、土壤相对粗糙度、土壤相对湿度的遥感信息;从土壤系统结构与土壤系统功能的关系角度,分析土壤单因素单因子、单因素双因子耦合以及多因素耦合对流域水文干旱影响。研究表明:①土壤单因素单因子对流域水文干旱影响,即是土壤通道对降雨的土壤径流影响的体现;②土壤单因素双因子耦合对流域水文干旱影响,取决于其单因子对流域水文干旱影响的程度;③土壤多因素耦合对流域水文干旱影响,即是土壤通道耦合对降雨的土壤径流影响的综合体现。因此,通过论文的研究,从土壤系统结构的角度,揭示了流域水文干旱的驱动机制,为喀斯特地区水资源的利用提供了理论基础。

关键词: 喀斯特流域, 土壤通道, 流域水文干旱

Abstract: Drought is a global widespread occurring natural phenomenon, but karst basins hydrological drought can not be simply due to the climate anomalied, the precipitation reduced. This paper will extract remote sensing information of the soil type, the soil relative coverage, the soil relative roughness, and the soil relative humidity through using the object-oriented classification techniques. From the relationship between the soil systematic structure and the soil systematic function, this paper analyzes the impacts of the single-factor of the soil single factor, two-factor coupled of the soil single factor, and the soil multi-factors coupled to hydrological droughts. Studies have shown that: 1) The impacts of the single-factor of soil single factor on hydrological droughts are the reflections of the impacts of the soil channel on the soil runoff of precipitations. 2)The impact of soil single factor on hydrological droughts is the combined result of the full-factor of soil single factor influences the hydrological drought. Descending order (single factor) of the four soil factors affects the hydrological droughts, soil relative roughness (0.968)>soil relative coverage (0.560)> soil relative humidity (0.558)>soil types (0.464). 3)The impacts of the multi-factor coupled on hydrological droughts are the comprehensive reflections of the impact of the soil coupled-channel on the soil runoff of precipitations. Descending order of the coupled-factors affectting the hydrological drought(two-factor coupled): soil relative roughness×soil relative humidity (0.969)>soil relative coverage × soil relative humidity (0.560)>soil types × soil relative coverage, soil types × soil relative humidity (0.464)>soil relative coverage × soil relative roughness (0.441)>soil types×soil relative roughness (0.362); the three-factor coupled: soil types× soil relative coverage×soil relative humidity (0.672)>soil relative coverage×soil relative roughness×soil relative humidity (0.560)>soil types×soil relative roughness×soil relative humidity (0.533)>soil types×soil relative coverage×soil relative roughness (0.456); the four-factor coupled: soil types×soil relative coverage×soil relative roughness×soil relative humidity (0.464). Results of the study revealed the driving mechanism of hydrological droughts,and provides a theoretical foundation for the water resources using in karst regions.

Key words: hydrological drought, karst basin, soil-channel

中图分类号: 

  • P333