自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 1651-1663.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.10.001

• 资源利用与管理 •    下一篇

环境规制效果与中国城市空气污染

贺灿飞1,3, 张腾2, 杨晟朗1   

  1. 1. 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100871;
    2. 北京大学深圳研究生院, 广东深圳 518055;
    3. 北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2012-09-04 修回日期:2013-04-19 出版日期:2013-10-20 发布日期:2013-10-20
  • 作者简介:贺灿飞(1973- ),江西永新人,教授,美国亚利桑那州州立大学博士,主要从事经济地理学研究。E-mail: hecanfei@urban.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271130)。

Air Pollution in Chinese Cities: Does Enforcement of Environmental Regulations Matter?

HE Can-fei1,3, ZHANG Teng2, YANG Sheng-lang1   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    2. Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
    3. Center for Urban Development and Land Policy, Peking University-Lincoln Institute, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2012-09-04 Revised:2013-04-19 Online:2013-10-20 Published:2013-10-20

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40 | 9

摘要： 中国不同城市的空气污染现状与年际变化存在巨大的差异,但总体而言正在经历着明显的改善。城市空气污染是政府环境规制效果的体现,论文从影响环境规制的多种途径和渠道出发,将影响政府环境规制执行效果的原因分为三种因素,包括来自企业等利益攸关者的环境规制执行阻力、来自社会的空气污染改善受益方的环境规制执行压力和政府本身的环境规制执行能力。论文着重阐述了这三种动力内容,并利用空气污染指数(API)数据制作非平衡面板模型,对这三种动力因素与规制执行效果的关系进行了验证,发现环境规制执行阻力和环境规制执行能力显著地影响规制执行效果。教育等社会因素通过提升环境规制压力也能够对环境规制执行进行一定的推动。

关键词: 环境规制, 经济地理, 面板数据模型, 空气污染指数

Abstract: Air quality degradation has been one of the most urgent environmental problems in urban China. Existing literature explores the relationship between air pollution and economic development under the framework of EKC and stresses the importance of triple effects of technological, structural and scale effects. With the context of regional decentralization in China, institutions may play a critical role in China's environmental degradation. This paper argues the enforcement of environmental regulations matter for urban air quality and proposes that the capability to enforce, pressure to enforce and resistance to enforce may shed some light on the extent of urban industrial pollution controlling for other factors. Using Air Pollution Index data during 2001-2011, this paper finds overall improvement of urban air quality in China but significant inter-city and inter-seasonal variations. Some cities have witnessed constantly air quality reduction. Based on an unbalanced panel data regression model, this study confirms that lack of capability and strong resistances to enforce environmental regulations do have contributed to the environmental deterioration. Social pressure may not be able to help improve urban air quality in China currently. The findings indicate that a new institutional framework is needed to systematically curb China's environmental issue.

Key words: economic geography, air pollution index, environmental regulation, panel data regression

中图分类号: 

  • X32.022