[1] 于贵瑞. 全球变化与陆地生态系统碳循环和碳蓄积[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2003. [YU Gui-rui. Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Cycle and Storage. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2003.][2] Richards K R. A brief overview of carbon sequestration economics and policy [J]. Environmental Management, 2004, 33: 545-558.[3] 李新宇, 唐海萍. 陆地植被的固碳功能与适用于碳贸易的生物固碳方式[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(2):200-209. [LI Xin-yu, TANG Hai-ping. Carbon sequestration: Manners suitable for carbon trade in China and function of terrestrial vegetation. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2):200-209.][4] Pan Y D, Birdsey R A, Fang J Y, et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests [J]. Science, 2011, 33(6045): 988-993.[5] 潘根兴, 周萍, 李恋卿, 等. 固碳土壤学的核心科学问题与研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(2):327-336. [PAN Gen-xing, ZHOU Ping, LI Lian-qing, et al. Core issues and research progress of soil science of carbon sequestration. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(2):327-336.][6] Lal R. Soil carbon sequestrat ion impacts on global climate change and food security [J]. Science, 2004, 304:1623-1627.[7] Guo L B, Gifford R M. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: A meta analysis [J]. Global Change Biology, 2002, 8(4):345-360.[8] Gao Y, Yu G R, He N P, et al. Is there an existing healthy threshold for carbon storage in the ecosystem? [J] Environmental Science and Technology, 2012, 46(9):4687-4688.[9] Hiebert M. Answers underground [J]. Far Eastern Economic Review, 2003, 8:7.[10] Yu G R, Li X R, Wang Q F, et al. Carbon storage and its spatial pattern of terrestrial ecosystem in China [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2010, 1(2):97-109.[11] 于贵瑞, 王秋凤, 刘迎春, 等. 区域尺度陆地生态系统固碳速率和增汇潜力概念框架及其定量认证科学基础[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(7):771-786. [YU Gui-rui, WANG Qiu-feng, LIU Ying-chun, et al. Conceptual framework of carbon sequestration rate and potential increment of carbon sink of regional terrestrial ecosystem and scientific basis for quantitative carbon authentification. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(7):771-786.][12] IPCC. 二氧化碳捕获和封存[R]. 2005. [IPCC. Carbon dioxide capture and sealing. 2005.][13] IPCC. 拟议的CO2排放限制的影响[R]. 1997. [IPCC. Impact of CO2 discharge constraint. 1997.][14] Pan Y, Birdsey R A, Fang J Y, et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forest [J]. Science, 2011, 333(6045): 988-993.[15] Schroeder P. Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1992, 50: 31-41.[16] De Fries R S, Field C B, Fung I, et al. Combining satellite data and biogeochemical models to estimate global effects of human induced land cover change on carbon emissions and primary productivity [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1999, 13:803-815.[17] Mooney H, Roy J, Saugier B. Terrestrial Global Productivity: Past, Present and Future [M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.[18] Lal R. Carbon sequestration [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2008, 363(1492):815-830.[19] Lal R. World cropland soils as source or sink for atmospheric carbon [J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2001, 71:145-191.[20] Post W M, Izaurralde R C, Jastrow J D. Enhancement of carbon sequestration in US soils [J]. BioScience, 2004, 54(10):895-908.[21] 于贵瑞, 王秋凤, 朱先进. 区域尺度陆地生态系统碳收支评估方法及其不确定性[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(1):103-113. [YU Gui-rui, WANG Qiu-feng, ZHU Xian-jin. Methods and uncertainties in evaluating the carbon budgets of regional terrestrial ecosystems. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(1):103-113.][22] Wang Y F, Fu B J, Chen L D, et al. Check dam in the Loess Plateau of China: Engineering for environmental services and food security [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, 45(24):10298-10299.[23] United States Geological Survey. Energy and mineral republished from Fact Sheet. 2008.[24] 何念鹏, 王秋凤, 刘颖慧, 等. 区域尺度陆地生态系统碳增汇途径及其可行性分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(7):788-793. [HE Nian-peng, WANG Qiu-feng, LIU Ying-hui, et al. The approaches to enhance carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystem at regional scales and their feasibility. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(7):788-793.][25] Chapin F S, Matson P, Mooney H A. Principes of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology [M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.[26] Hudiburg T, Law B, Turner D P, et al. Carbon dynamics of Oregon and Northern California forests and potential land-based carbon storage [J]. Ecological Application, 2009, 19(1):163-180.[27] Keith H, Mackey B, Berry S, et al. Estimating carbon carrying capacity in natural forest ecosystems across heterogeneous landscapes: Addressing sources of error [J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(11):2971-2989.[28] Stewart C E, Paustian K, Conant R T, et al. Soil carbon saturation: Implications for measurable carbon pool dynamics in long-term incubations [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41(2): 357-366.[29] Smithwick E A H, Harmon M E, Remillard S M, et al. Potential upper bounds of carbon stores in forests of the Pacific Northwest [J]. Ecological Application, 2002, 12(5):1303-1317.[30] Donella H. Meadows [EB/OL]. www.gristmagazine.com, 2004.[31] 宋金明, 李学刚, 袁华茂, 等. 中国近海生物固碳强度与潜力[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(2):551-558. [SONG Jin-ming, LI Xue-gang, YUAN Hua-mao, et al. Carbon fixed by phytoplankton and cultured algae in China coastal seas. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(2):551-558.][32] Fasham M J R, Balino B M, Bowes M C. A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) [J]. AMBIO, 2001, 10(Special Issue):4-31.[33] Longhurst A, Sathyendranath S, Platt T, et al. An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data [J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1995, 7:1245-1271.[34] Zheng G X, Song J M, Dai J C, et al. Distributions of chlorophyll a and carbon fixed strength of phytop lankton in autumn of the South Huanghai waters [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 25(3):68-81.[35] Wang J, Li H Z. Study on chlorophyll and primary production in inshore waters of the Bohai Sea [J]. Marine Fisheries Research, 2002, 23(1):22-28.[36] Schimel D S. Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle [J]. Global Change Biology, 1995, 1:77-91.[37] Gao Y, Zhong B L, Yue H. A degradation threshold for irreversible loss of soil productivity: A long-term case study in China [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 48:1145-1154.[38] 方精云, 郭兆迪, 朴世龙, 等. 1981-2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算[J]. 中国科学D辑, 2007, 37(6):804-812. [FANG Jing-yun, GUO Zhao-di, PIAO Shi-rong, et al. Terrestrial vegetation carbon sink in China from 1981-2000. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2007, 37(6):804-812.][39] Lal R. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget [J]. Environment International, 2003, 29:437-450.[40] Rosenzweig C, Tubiello F N. Adap tation and mitigation strategies in agriculture: An analysis of potential synergies [J]. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2007, 12(5):855-873.[41] Schlesinger W H. Carbon sequestration in soils: Some cautions amidst optimism [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2000, 82(123):121-127.[42] Li C, Frolking S, Butterbach-Bahl K. Carbon sequestration in arable soils is likely to increase nitrous oxide emissions, offsetting reductions in climate radiative forcing [J]. Climate Change, 2005, 72(3):321-338.[43] Qiu J, Li C, Wang L. Modeling impacts of carbon sequestration on net greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils in China [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2009, 23:GB1007.[44] IPCC. Climate Change 2007: Working Group I Report The Physical Science Basis. 2007.[45] Venterea R T, Burger M, Spokas K A. Nitrogen oxide and methane emissions under varying tillage and fertilizer management [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005, 34(5):1467-1477.[46] Robertson G P, Paul E A, Harwood R R. Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere [J]. Science, 2000, 289(5486):1922-1925.[47] Seibel B A, Walsh P J. Potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota [J]. Science, 2001, 294:319-320.[48] Sarmiento J L, Le Quere. Oceanic carbon dioxide up take in a model of century-scale global warming [J]. Science, 1996, 274:1346 -1350.[49] Siegenthaler U, Sarmiento J L. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean [J]. Nature, 1993, 365:119-125.[50] Kusakabe M, Ohsumi T, Aramaki S. The Lake Nyos gas disaster: Chemical and isotopic evidence in waters and dissolved gases from three Cameroonian crater lakes, Nyos, Monoun and Wum [J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1989, 39 (2/3):167-185. |