关键词: 湖泊水位, 湖泊水质, 环境效应, 乌伦古湖, 干旱区

Abstract:

A comprehensive survey of water quality and quantity and aquatic biological resources was conducted in Ulungur Lake in 2008, and then, the basic data about water quality and quantity were obtained. On this basis, a preliminary analysis was carried out on lake environmental change in the last 60 years. According to the changes of regional climate and human activity patterns, the Ulungur Lake environmental change can be divided into four periods. In the first period before 1956, Ulungur Lake was in the natural state with Ulungur River as the main supply, and its water fluctuation was controlled by the climate change. The second period was from 1956 to 1970 with the rapid increase in intensity of human activities. Because of the lake input amount reduction induced by water consumption of the drainage exploitation, there had been a steady decline in the lake water level. The period from 1970 to 1995 was the third stage in lake environmental change. Besides the water consumption in the drainage area exploitation, the water level fluctuation was also related to other human activities such as digging canals and building dams during this period of time. In the fourth period since 1995, because water conservancy projects ran smoothly and regional climate was suitable, the lake environmental change was relatively stable. Recently, the runoff of Ulungur River decreased rapidly and even had a zero flow due to the arid climate, which caused Ulungur Lake water to flow back into Jili Lake, and aggravated lake water environmental degeneration and catchment’s desertification. The results indicate, apart from the increase in river inflow, maintaining the lake water environment a stable state in the 1990s depends largely on scientific evaluation and optimizing regulation of industrial and agricultural water consumption at the present climate condition.

Key words: lake water level, water quality, environmental effects, Ulungur Lake, arid area