自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.01.007

自然资源学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 63-72.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.01.007

自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系

张华兵^1,2, 刘红玉¹, 李玉凤¹, 侯明行¹

1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室, 南京 210023;
2. 盐城师范学院城市与资源环境学院, 江苏盐城 224002

收稿日期:2012-05-15 修回日期:2012-08-17 出版日期:2013-01-20 发布日期:2013-01-19
通讯作者: 刘红玉 (1963- ),女,辽宁辽阳人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事景观生态学研究。E-mail:liuhongyu@njnu.edu.cn E-mail:liuhongyu@njnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张华兵(1979-),男,江苏响水人,博士研究生,主要从事湿地景观及遥感/GIS应用研究。E-mail:jszhbing@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41071119);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(10KJA170029);江苏省省属高校自然科学研究项目(12KJB170006)。

The Coupling Relationship between Soil Eco-Processes and Landscape Evolution under the Natural Conditions in Yancheng Coastal Wetland

ZHANG Hua-bing^1,2, LIU Hong-yu¹, LI Yu-feng¹, HOU Ming-hang¹

1. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Ecology Construction in Jiangsu Province, College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
2. College of Urban and Resource Environment, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China

Received:2012-05-15 Revised:2012-08-17 Online:2013-01-20 Published:2013-01-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

景观过程与格局的相互关系与耦合机制,已经成为景观生态学研究的重要问题。以盐城国家级自然保护区核心区为案例,根据2011年4—5月对海滨湿地土壤采样分析,运用典范对应分析、主成分分析、线性回归模拟以及空间代替时间的方法,探索土壤生态过程与景观演变之间的耦合关系。结果显示:①典范对应分析表明,土壤过程能够很好地响应海滨湿地景观格局,从陆到海,5种景观类型有序地、按逆时针方向分布在CCA排序轴上,土壤过程与景观类型之间表现出不同的相关性。②通过主成分分析表明,三个主成分能够有效地响应景观格局。主成分与景观类型相关性排序表现为:第一主成分(土壤养分),米草沼泽>碱蓬米草交错带>碱蓬沼泽>芦苇沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带;第二主成分(盐度),碱蓬沼泽>碱蓬米草交错带>米草沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带>芦苇沼泽;第三主成分(有机质和水分),芦苇沼泽>米草沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带>碱蓬米草交错带>碱蓬沼泽。③运用空间代替时间,以样地到海堤的距离作为时间变量,主成分与景观演变之间相关性较好。多元回归结果显示:三个主成分与碱蓬沼泽→碱蓬米草交错带→米草沼泽时间序列的相关系数为0.859 2;与碱蓬沼泽→碱蓬芦苇交错带→芦苇沼泽时间序列的相关系数为0.892 8。土壤生态过程的改变是景观演变的重要动力,而景观的变化进一步引起土壤生态要素的改变,盐城海滨湿地景观演变就是在这种格局与过程的交互作用下,芦苇沼泽与米草沼泽不断扩张、碱蓬沼泽不断萎缩的过程。

关键词: 景观演变, 耦合关系, 土壤生态过程, 自然条件, 盐城自然保护区

Abstract:

Yancheng coastal wetlands are the largest coastal wetlands along the Western Pacific. With its unique ecological location and special habitat types, Yancheng coastal wetlands not only play an important ecological role in biological diversity and resources, environmental protection but also has high land utilization suitability. However, humans are strongly interfering in the nature recently. And the landscapes changed promptly. Nowadays, the study of coastal wetlands landscapes has become a hot field. And meanwhile, the coupling mechanism and relationship between landscape processes and patterns has become another significant field. Taking the core area of Yancheng National Nature Reserve as a case, we have used the methods of canonical correspondence analysis, principal component analysis, linear regression analysis and space instead of time to explore the coupling relationship of soil processes and landscape evolution, according to the sampling and analysis of coastal wetlands soil from April to May in 2011. And the results showed the following aspects: Firstly, CCA ordination indicates that soil processes can well response to the landscape pattern of coastal wetlands as soil process and landscape show different correlation and five kinds of landscape types are regularly located in the CCA ordination shaft in an anti-clockwise direction from land to sea. Secondly, PCA analysis suggests that three main components can effectively respond to landscape pattern. The relevance ranking of main composition and types of landscape are as follows: The first principal component is soil nutrients: Spartina marsh>Spartina-Salsa transitional zone>Salsa marsh>Reed swamp>Reed-Salsa transitional zone;the second principal component is salinity, Salsa marsh>Spartina-Salsa transitional zone>Spartina marsh>Reed-Salsa transitional zone>Reed swamp; the third principal components is organic matter and moisture,Reed swamp>Spartina marsh>Reed-Salsa transitional zone>Spartina-Salsa transitional zone>Salsa swamp. Thirdly, use space instead of time and take the distance from the seawall to the landscape as the time variable we find that there is a good correlation between the main components and landscape evolution. The results of multiple regression shows that the correlation coefficient of Salsa marsh-Spartina-Salsa marsh transitional zone-Spartina marsh time series is 0.8592. And the correlation coefficient of Salsa marsh-Reed-Salsa transitional zone-Reed marsh time series is 0.8928. Therefore, the gradient of soil eco-processes is a crucial driver of landscape changes while landscape changes further lead to changes of soil processes. Evolution of coastal wetland is Reed marsh and Spartina marsh expansion, Salsa marsh shrinking process under the interactive driving of pattern and process in Yancheng Natural Reserve. All in all, it is of greatly positive significance for us to correctly understand the coupling mechanism of coastal wetland landscape evolution and ecological processes under natural conditions which is also beneficial for rational development and utilization of coastal wetland resources, protect the ecological functions of wetlands, effective management of coastal environment.

Key words: coupling relationship, landscape evolution, soil eco-processes, the natural conditions, Yancheng Natural Reserve

中图分类号:

S154.1

张华兵, 刘红玉, 李玉凤, 侯明行. 自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系[J]. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(1): 63-72.

ZHANG Hua-bing, LIU Hong-yu, LI Yu-feng, HOU Ming-hang. The Coupling Relationship between Soil Eco-Processes and Landscape Evolution under the Natural Conditions in Yancheng Coastal Wetland[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2013, 28(1): 63-72.

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自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系

The Coupling Relationship between Soil Eco-Processes and Landscape Evolution under the Natural Conditions in Yancheng Coastal Wetland

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