干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价——以石羊河流域为例

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

论文以干旱区内陆河石羊河流域为研究区,选取坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、植被指数、水文、气候、交通等因子作为评价指标,建立了人居环境指数(HEI),利用GIS的叠置分析、缓冲区分析、密度分析等空间分析技术对石羊河流域人居环境适宜性进行了定量综合评价分析。评价结果表明,石羊河流域人居环境指数介于17.13~84.32之间,整体分布格局为:从西南方向到东北方向适宜性依次降低,适宜、较适宜居住区主要分布在中游和中下游地区,不适宜人类居住区占研究区面积的比例很大。石羊河流域人居环境适宜区主要以带状和斑块状分布在石羊河各支流周围,其他区域只有零星分布,与流域内居民点分布的空间格局相吻合。石羊河流域人居环境状况与人口密度呈对数关系,确定系数达到0.851 2,与经济发展水平呈现较明显的正相关性,人居环境评价值与单位面积GDP确定系数达到0.845 4,与道路网密度关系不显著,受道路制约程度较小。一些居民点分布在人居环境恶劣区域,一些村镇分布在靠近沙漠区域内,地形复杂,气候多变,水资源短缺,经济发展滞后,结合新农村建设规划和当地土地利用规划,这部分村落需要异地搬迁以便改善人居环境状况。

关键词: GIS, 人居环境适宜性, 干旱内陆地区, 石羊河流域

Abstract:

The paper selects slope, aspect, relief degree of land surface, vegetation index, hydrology, transportation and climate as evaluation indexes and sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index (HEI) model to evaluate the environment suitability for human settlements in Shiyang River Basin. Through using spatial analysis technique of GIS such as spatial overlay analysis, buffer analysis and density analysis to establish the spatial situation of nature suitability and spatial pattern for human settlement. The results showed that: the index of nature suitability for human settlement in the Shiyang River Basin was between 17.13 and 84.32. In general, nature suitability for human settlement decreased from southwest to northeast. Considering area, the suitable region was mainly distributed in Minqin oasis, Wuwei oasis and Changning basin, which accounted for about 1080.01 km², 2.59% of the total area. Comparatively suitable region was mainly distributed around the county in Gulang, Yongchang and north of Tianzhu County, which accounted for about 1100.30 km². The common suitable region was mainly distributed outside of the county in Yongchang, Jinchuan and most part of Minqin county, which accounted for about 23328.04 km², 56.08% of the total area. The non-suitable region was mainly distributed upstream and north of the river, which accounted for about 9937.60 km², 23.89% of the total area. Meanwhile, the most non-suitable region was distributed around the Qilian Mountain which covered by snow and cold desert and the intersecting area between Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert. The total area was about 6154.05 km², which accounted for 14.79% of the total area. Suitable regions for human inhabitance were distributed mainly around rivers in the form of ribbons and batches, while others are scattered. Their distribution was identical with the residential spatial pattern. There was a clear logarithm correlation between situation of residential environment and population, that is, the coefficient of determination between evaluation value of residential environment and population density reached 0.851 2. There was also positive correlation between situation of residential environment and economics, which reached 0.845 4 between evaluation value of residential environment and GDP. Result also shows the environment is difficult to support the existing population in the Shiyang River Basin. Spatial distribution of population was profoundly affected by severe environment such as the expanded deserts, the wavy terrains, and the changeful climate. Surface water shortage and slow economic growth was the bottleneck of nature suitability for human settlement in the Shiyang River Basin. So according to these problems and various planning, some of the residential parts need to relocate in order to improve situation of residential environment.

Key words: geographic information systems, suitability of human settlement, arid inland area, Shiyang River Basin

中图分类号:

X802.2

魏伟, 石培基, 冯海春, 王旭峰. 干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价——以石羊河流域为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(11): 1940-1950.

WEI Wei, SHI Pei-ji, FENG Hai-chun, WANG Xu-feng. Study on the Suitability Evaluation of the Human Settlements Environment in Arid Inland River Basin——A Case Study on the Shiyang River Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2012, 27(11): 1940-1950.

参考文献

[1] Emmanuel R. Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city: The Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR), Sri Lanka [J]. Building and Environment, 2005, 40(12): 1591-1601.

[2] FENG Zhi-ming, TANG Yan, YANG Yan-zhao, et al. Relief degree of land surface and its influence on population distribution in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2008, 18(2): 1071-1082.

[3] Gilbert A. An urbanizing world: Global report on human settlements [J]. Habitat International, 1998, 22(1): 75-77.

[4] 李雪铭, 倪玉娟. 近十年来我国优秀宜居城市城市化与城市人居环境协调发展评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(3): 8-14.[LI Xue-ming, NI Yu-juan. Assessment on the coordination between urban human settlements and urbanization of outstanding liable cities in China in recent decade. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(3): 8-14.]

[5] 谌丽, 张文忠, 李业锦. 大连居民的城市宜居性评价[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(10): 1022-1032.[CHEN Li, ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ye-jin. Urban residential suitability evaluation of Dalian residents. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(10): 1022-1032.]

[6] 黄宇, 罗智勇, 杨武年. 基于GIS的城市居住适宜性评价研究[J]. 测绘科学, 2008, 33(1): 126-129.[HUANG Yu, LUO Zhi-yong, YANG Wu-nian. Urban dwelling feasibility evaluation research based on GIS. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2008, 33(1): 126-129.]

[7] William F Allman, Betsy Wagner, Liang Wenju, et al. Climate and origin of humankind [J]. World Science, 1993(5): 29-32.

[8] Spagnolo J, Dear R D. A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia [J]. Building and Environment, 2003, 38(5): 721-738.

[9] 刘明春. 石羊河流域气候干湿状况分析及评价[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(8): 880-884.[LIU Ming-chun. Analysis and assessment of climatic dry and wet conditions in Shiyang River Basin. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(8): 880-884.]

[10] 常兆丰, 韩福贵. 石羊河下游沙漠化的自然因素和人为因素及其位移[J]. 干旱区地理, 2005, 28(2): 150-156.[CHANG Zhao-feng, HAN Fu-gui. Natural and artificial factors and their transfer on sandy desertification of lower reaches of Shiyang River Basin. Arid Land Geography, 2005, 28(2): 150-156.]

[11] 王琪, 史基安. 石羊河流域环境现状及其演化趋势分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2003, 23(l): 46-55.[WANG Qi, SHI Ji-an. Current situation of the environment in Shiyang River Basin and its evolutionary trends. Journal of Desert Research, 2003, 23(l): 46-55.]

[12] 肖笃宁, 李小玉, 宋冬梅. 石羊河尾闾绿洲的景观变化与生态恢复对策[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(10): 2476-2483.[XIAO Du-ning, LI Xiao-yu, SONG Dong-mei. Landscape changes and ecological reconstruction in Minqin Huqu oasis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(10): 2476-2483.]

[13] 魏伟. 基于GIS和RS的石羊河流域景观格局分析及景观格局利用优化研究. 兰州: 西北师范大学, 2009.[WEI Wei. Landscape Patterns Analysis and the Optimal Utilization of Shiyang River Basin Based on GIS and RS Approach. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University, 2009.]

[14] FENG Zhi-ming, YANG Yan-zhao, ZHANG Dan, et al. Natural environment suitability for human settlements in China based on GIS [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2009, 19: 437-446.

[15] 汤国安, 李发源, 刘学军. 数字高程模型教程[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.[TANG Guo-an, LI Fa-yuan, LIU Xue-jun. The Course of Digital Elevation Mode. Beijing: Science Press, 2002.]

[16] 封志明, 唐焰, 杨艳昭, 等. 基于GIS的中国人居环境指数模型的建立与应用[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(12): 1327-1336.[FENG Zhi-ming, TANG Yan, YANG Yan-zhao, et al. Establishment and application of human settlements environment indexmodel (HEI) based on GIS. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(12): 1327-1336.]

[17] 郝慧梅, 任志远. 基于栅格数据的陕西省人居环境自然适宜性测评[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(4): 498-506.[HAO Hui-mei, REN Zhi-yuan. Evaluation of nature suitability for human settlement in Shaanxi Province based on grid data. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(4): 498-506.]

[18] 熊利亚, 夏朝宗, 刘喜云, 等. 基于RS和GIS的土地生产力与人口承载量: 以向家坝库区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2004, 23(1): 10-18.[XIONG Li-ya, XIA Chao-zong, LIU Xi-yun, et al. RS and GIS based study on land productivity and population supporting capacity: Taking Xiangjiaba Reservoir area as an example. Geographical Research, 2004, 23(1): 10-18.]

[19] 虞春隆, 周若祁. 基于栅格数据的小流域人居环境适宜性评价方法研究[J]. 华中建筑, 2008, 26(1): 1-4.[YU Chun-long, ZHOU Ruo-qi. Research on the suitable evaluation method of the human settlements environment in small basin based on grid data. Huazhong Architecture, 2008, 26(1): 4-7.]

[20] 刘长胜, 卢伟, 金晓斌, 等. GIS支持下土地整理中未利用地适宜性评价: 以广西柳城县为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 14(4): 333-337.[LIU Chang-sheng, LU Wei, JIN Xiao-bin, et al. Assessment on the suitability of unused land resource based on GIS in the course of land exploitation and arrangement: Taking Liucheng County in Guangxi Province as an example. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2004, 14(4): 333-337.]