关键词: 放牧, 草原生态系统, 转型, 划区轮牧

Abstract: Grazing is the basic measure of land management both at home and abroad,and the grazing land covers more than a half of the global terrestrial sphere. Restrained by the traditional agrarian culture,there are many misunderstandings of grazing management system in China and it was regarded as a main cause for ecological deterioration,poverty and cultural retardation in pastoral areas so prohibition of grazing was a popular phenomenon. Actually,the current problems of China’s grassland are not originated in grazing itself,but the misconception and deficiencies in grazing management,which breaks up the relationships among human beings,grassland and livestock. Historical evidences have witnessed the great contribution made by grazing to mankind. With technological and social development grazing has experienced three stages: the primary nomadic,the transformation grazing and the modern grazing,and some Western countries have completed the modern transformation of grazing system in the 1930s. The core of modernization of grazing model is the rotational grazing based on a system unit of inhabitants,grassland and livestock. The rotational grazing is an open agricultural technical system with various sub-models to adapt to various agricultural systems and to meet the requirements of ecology and production,so it is significant progress of grassland grazing management. To secure the dual ecological and the economic benefits of grassland ecosystem,China’s animal husbandry should accelerate its modern transformation in terms of grazing and grassland management. It is the necessary approach to modernize its animal husbandry as well as to build up an essence in its modern agriculture.

Key words: grazing, grassland ecosystem, transformation, rotational grazing