黄土丘陵区小流域土壤碳氮比的变化及其影响因素

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.07.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究土壤C:N的变化有助于深入理解土壤有机碳氮的积累过程及其土壤质量的变化趋势。以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区砖窑沟小流域为单元,基于地貌类型和土地利用方式两大因素,采集737个土壤样品,研究流域内土壤C:N的变化差异及其影响因素。梁峁坡上,林地和草地0~20 cm土层的土壤C:N分别是农田土壤C:N的1.13和1.03倍;沟坡上,林地、草地和农田土壤的C:N分别为13.88、12.58、9.02。农田条件下,梁峁坡、沟坡和沟谷的土壤C:N分别为10.34、9.02和10.77;林地条件下,沟坡和梁峁坡的土壤C:N分别为13.88、11.67;草地条件下,沟坡土壤C:N是梁峁坡土壤C:N的1.19倍。同一地貌类型或土地利用方式条件下,土壤C:N均呈现表层大于深层的趋势,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤C:N分别是40~100 cm土层土壤C:N的1.05~1.17和1.16~1.42倍。

关键词: 地貌类型, 土地利用方式, 小流域, 土壤C:N

Abstract: Investigated the changes of soil C:N ratio can help us to understand accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and tendency of soil quality changes. Based on landforms and land use types, 737 soil samples were collected for investigating the changes of soil C:N ratio and its’influencing factors at a typical small watershed in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that in the condition of 0-20 cm soil layer, in ridge slope soil C:N ratios of woodland and grassland were 1.13 and 1.03 times that of those cropland; in gulley slope the soil C:N ratios of woodland, grassland and cropland were 13.88, 12.58 and 9.02 respectively; in cropland the soils C:N ratios of gulley slope, ridge slope and valley bottom were 9.02, 10.34 and 10.77 respectively; in woodland the soils C:N ratios of gulley slope and ridge slope were 13.88 and 11.67 respectively;in grassland the soil C:N ratio of gulley slope was 1.19 times that of the ridge slope; in the same landforms or land use types, soil C:N ratio was larger in the surface layer than in the deep layer, soil C:N ratios in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer were 1.05 to 1.17 and 1.16 to 1.42 times that of those in the deep layer.

Key words: landforms types, land use types, small watershed, soil C:N ratio

中图分类号:

S153.6

张彦军, 郭胜利, 南雅芳, 李泽. 黄土丘陵区小流域土壤碳氮比的变化及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012, (7): 1214-1223.

ZHANG Yan-jun, GUO Sheng-li, NAN Ya-fang, LI Ze. The Changes and Influencing Factors of Soil C:N Ratio in Small Watershed of Hilly Region of Loess Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2012, (7): 1214-1223.

参考文献

[1] Hogberg M N, Hogberg P, Myrold D D. Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH, C-to-N ratio, the trees, or all three? [J]Oecologia, 2007, 150(4):590-601. [2] 唐国勇, 苏以荣, 肖和艾, 等. 湘北红壤丘岗稻田土壤有机碳、养分及微生物生物量空间变异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(1):15-21. [3] 张普, 刘卫国. 黄土高原中部黄土沉积有机质记录特征及C/N指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2008, 28(6):120-124. [4] Aber J D. Nitrogen cycling and nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems [J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1992, 7(7): 220-224. [5] Bradbury N J, Whitmore A P, Hart P B S. et al. Modelling the fate of nitrogen in crop and soil in the years following application of 15N-labelled fertilizer to winter wheat [J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1993, 121(3):363-379. [6] Janssen B H. Nitrogen mineralization in relation to C:N ratio and decomposability of organic materials [J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 181(1):39-45. [7] van Veen J A, Ladd J N, Frissel M J. Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil [J]. Plant and Soil, 1984, 76:257-274. [8] Aitkenhead J A, McDowell W H. Soil C:N ratio as a predictor of annual riverine DOC flux at local and global scales [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000, 14(1):127-138. [9] Mu Zhijian, Huang Aiying, Kimura Sonoko D. et al. Linking N₂O emission to soil mineral N as estimated by CO₂ emission and soil C/N ratio [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41(12):2593-2597. [10] Breuer L, Huisman J A, Keller T, et al. Impact of a conversion from cropland to grassland on C and N storage and related soil properties: Analysis of a 60-year chronosequence [J]. Geoderma, 2006, 133(1/2):6-18. [11] Dou F, Wright A L, Hons F M. Depth distribution of soil organic C and N after long-term soybean cropping in Texas [J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2007, 94(2):530-536. [12] Gal A, Vyn T J, Micheli E, et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation with long-term no-till versus moldboard plowing overestimated with tilled-zone sampling depths [J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2007, 96(1/2):42-51. [13] Ogutu Z A. An investigation of the influence of human disturbance on selected soil nutrients in Narok District, Kenya [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1999, 58(1):39-60. [14] Tong C L, Xiao H A, Tang G Y, et al. Long-term fertilizer effects on organic carbon and total nitrogen and coupling relationships of C and N in paddy soils in subtropical China [J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2009, 106(1):8-14. [15] Quideau S A, Chadwick O A, Benesi A, et al. A direct link between forest vegetation type and soil organic matter composition [J]. Geoderma, 2001, 104(1/2):41-60. [16] 马玉红, 郭胜利, 杨雨林, 等. 植被类型对黄土丘陵区流域土壤有机碳氮的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(1):97-105. [17] O’Brien S L, Jastrow J D, Grimley D A, et al. Moisture and vegetation controls on decadal-scale accrual of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in restored grasslands [J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(9):2573-2588. [18] McNab W H. A topographic index to quantify the effect of mesoscale landform on site productivity [J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 1993, 23(6):1100-1107. [19] Yimer F, Ledin S, Abdelkadir A. Soil property variations in relation to topographic aspect and vegetation community in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 232(1/3):90-99. [20] Zhu B B, Li Z B, Li P, et al. Soil erodibility, microbial biomass, and physical-chemical property changes during long-term natural vegetation restoration: A case study in the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Ecological Research, 2010, 25(3):531-541. [21] Carrera A L, Bertiller M B, Sain C L, et al. Relationship between plant nitrogen conservation strategies and the dynamics of soil nitrogen in the arid Patagonian Monte, Argentina [J]. Plant and Soil, 2003, 255(2):595-604. [22] Evans R D, Rimer R, Sperry L, et al. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland [J]. Ecological Applications, 2001, 11(5):1301-1310. [23] Vinton M A, Burke I C. Interactions between individual plant specles and soil nutrient status in shortgrass steppe [J]. Ecology, 1995, 76(4):1116-1133. [24] Chen H Q, Marhan S, Billen N, et al. Soil organic-carbon and total nitrogen stocks as affected by different land uses in Baden-Wurttemberg (southwest Germany) [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde, 2009, 172(1):32-42. [25] Rovira P, Vallejo V R. Labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter decomposing at different depths in soil: An acid hydrolysis approach [J]. Geoderma, 2002, 107(1/2):109-141. [26] Merila P, Malmivaara-Lamsa M, Spetz P, et al. Soil organic matter quality as a link between microbial community structure and vegetation composition along a successional gradient in a boreal forest [J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 46(2):259-267. [27] Mitchell R J, Campbell C D, Chapman S J, et al. The ecological engineering impact of a single tree species on the soil microbial community [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2010, 98(1):50-61. [28] French N R, Steinhorst R K, Swift D M. Grassland biomass trophic pyramids [M]//French N R. Perspectives in Grassland Ecology. New York: Springer-verlag, 1979. [29] 沈善敏. 无机氮对土壤氮矿化与固定的影响——兼论土壤氮的"激发效应"[J]. 土壤学报, 1986(1):10-16. [30] Monti A, Zatta A. Root distribution and soil moisture retrieval in perennial and annual energy crops in Northern Italy [J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2009, 132(3/4): 252-259. [31] 苗果园, 尹钧, 张云亭, 等. 中国北方主要作物根系生长的研究[J]. 作物学报, 1998, 24(1):2-6. [32] Schulze E D, Mooney H A, Sala O E, et al. Rooting depth, water availability, and vegetation cover along an aridity gradient in Patagonia [J]. Oecologia, 1996, 108(3):503-511. [33] Fu Xiaoli, Shao Mingan, Wei Xiaorong, et al. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by vegetation types in northern Loess Plateau of China [J]. Geoderma, 2010, 155(1/2):31-35. [34] Dignac M F, Bahri H, Rumpel C, et al. Carbon-13 natural abundance as a tool to study the dynamics of lignin monomers in soil: An appraisal at the Closeaux experimental field (France) [J]. Geoderma, 2005, 128:3-17. [35] Puget P, Drinkwater L E. Short-term dynamics of root- and shoot-derived carbon from a leguminous green manure [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2001, 65(3):771-779. [36] Bengtsson G, Bengtson P, Mansson K F. Gross nitrogen mineralization-, immobilization-, and nitrification rates as a function of soil C/N ratio and microbial activity [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003, 35(1):143-154. [37] Szanser M, Ilieva-Makulec K, Kajak A, et al. Impact of litter species diversity on decomposition processes and communities of soil organisms [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2011, 43(1):9-19. [38] 王小利, 郭胜利, 马玉红, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(6):1281 -1285. [39] Truu M, Juhanson J, Truu J. Microbial biomass, activity and community composition in constructed wetlands [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407(13):3958-3971. [40] Fierer N, Holden P, Schimel J. Holden variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003, 35:167-176. [41] Taylor J P, Wilson B, Mills M S, et al. Comparison of microbial numbers and enzyrnatic activities in surface soils and sub-soils using various techniques[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34:387-401. [42] Potthoff M, Steenwerth K L, Jackson L E, et al. Soil microbial community composition as affected by restoration practices in California grassland [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006, 38(7):1851-1860.