自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 705-712.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.04.016

• 专题论坛 • 上一篇    

自然遗产地国家公园模式发展的影响因素与空间扩散

张海霞1,2, 张旭亮3   

  1. 1. 浙江工商大学 旅游与城市管理学院,杭州 310018;
    2. 浙江大学 管理学院,杭州 310058;
    3. 浙江省发展规划研究院,杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-10 修回日期:2012-01-09 出版日期:2012-04-20 发布日期:2012-04-20
  • 作者简介:张海霞(1979-),女,山东鱼台人,博士,讲师,浙江大学在站博士后,主要从事旅游规制与公共游憩研究。E-mail:avivachang@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(11YJCZH225);浙江省旅游科学研究项目(2011YB02);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y201119613)。

Driving Factors and Spatial Diffusion for the Development of National Park Model for Natural Heritage Sites

ZHANG Hai-xia1,2, ZHANG Xü-liang3   

  1. 1. School of Tourism and City Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
    2. School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    3. Zhejiang Pro-development Planning & Research Institute, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • Received:2011-10-10 Revised:2012-01-09 Online:2012-04-20 Published:2012-04-20

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17 | 4

摘要： 以自然生态环境保护与公共游憩为基本目标的国家公园模式被视为一种遗产保护和旅游发展融合互促的成熟模式。文章探讨国家公园模式在全球的空间扩散过程及其驱动因素,研究发现:①公益化价值取向是国家公园模式发展的主要动力;②经济发展水平提高反而会造成国家公园供给空间的缩小;③发展中国家与发达国家存在明显差异,环境关注度和旅游发展水平是发达国家的主要影响因素,而发展中国家的国家公园的发育与环境关注度不相关,与旅游发展水平呈负相关;④国家公园模式呈全球扩散趋势,空间重心的转移受国家宏观政治背景、 生态环境保护等因素的影响。

关键词: 遗产资源管理, 国家公园模式, 自然遗产地, 遗产旅游

Abstract: The protection and utilization of nature heritages present a worldview and ethnical inclination of human-being. The national parks with heritage conservation and public recreation as main objectives have been considered as a matured model for reconciliation of heritage protection and tourism development. To find out meaningfully theoretical supports for the governance of natural heritages in China, the paper explored the driving factors for the development of national park model (NPM) and tried to find the rules of its global spatial diffusion. After collecting the huge data from the World Database on Protected Areas(WDPA) and other data pools relevant with global economy, environment, tourism and public service, multi-regression analyses were run to explore the driving factors and gravity center analysis was used to interpret the route of global diffusion for NPM. In addition, the multicollinearity problems had not occurred on the test of multi-regression equation. The results of analysis indicated: firstly, the value inclination for public service is the main driving factor for development of NPM; secondly, economic growth may instead squeeze the space for national parks; thirdly, there exist great differences for developed and developing countries because the levels of environmental concern and tourism development are the main factors influencing the growth of NPM for developed countries, while in developing ones, environment concern has no relevance with that of NPM, and the level of tourism development shows negative correlation with it. Moreover, the result of gravity center analysis showed that the NPM has been spreading over the world, and the shift of gravity center for the growth of national parks was influenced by macro background, eco-environmental protection, and other factors. Therefore, to develop NPM in China is really in coincidence with the objective rules. However, the fiscal restraints on public administration of China are not conducive to cultivate NPM and there are knotty contradiction among environmental protection, tourism development and NPM. To advance governance effectiveness of natural heritage sites in China, it's necessary for Chinese government to create the value of public service, to push on the environmental protection, and to improve the quality of tourism development.

Key words: management of heritage resources, national park model, nature heritage sites, heritage tourism

中图分类号: 

  • F591.99