自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 943-954.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.06.005

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种养结合区农田系统氮磷平衡分析

武兰芳1, 欧阳竹1, 谢小立2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所 生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 禹城试验站, 北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院 亚热带农业生态研究所, 长沙 415025
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-25 修回日期:2011-03-01 出版日期:2011-06-20 发布日期:2011-06-20
  • 作者简介:武兰芳(1963- ),女,博士,副研究员,中国自然资源学会会员(S300001171M),主要从事区域农业可持续评价、农田生态及生产力形成相关方面的研究。E-mail: wulf@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD89B09);中国科学院重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-022,KSCX2-YW-N-46-01)。

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance of Cropland at Regional Scale for Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming System in Two Different Areas

WU Lan-fang1, OUYANG Zhu1, XIE Xiao-li2   

  1. 1. Yucheng Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS, Changsha 410125, China
  • Received:2010-03-25 Revised:2011-03-01 Online:2011-06-20 Published:2011-06-20

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被引次数

26 | 7

摘要： 山东禹城和湖南桃源是位于我国不同地区均以种养生产为主的两个县(市),根据养分平衡原理对这两个县级区域尺度的农田系统氮、磷收支状况进行了计算分析,结果表明:自1980年以来,单位面积耕地上氮磷的输入量与输出量均表现为不断增加,但是,因为输入增长高于输出增长,导致农田系统产生较多氮磷养分盈余,两个地区存在明显差异。禹城农田系统氮磷盈余量呈逐年增长趋势,氮盈余量从133.8 kgN·hm-2增加到目前的450 kgN·hm-2以上,磷盈余量从6.2 kgP2O5·hm-2增加到目前的148.9 kgP2O5·hm-2;在其11个乡镇中有10个表现为氮盈余、9个表现为磷盈余,其中氮盈余量最多的高达841.8 kgN·hm-2,磷盈余量最多的达到297.8 kgP2O5·hm-2。桃源农田系统氮磷盈余量表现为先增后降,氮盈余量从100 kgN·hm-2左右增加到2002年达到峰值253.7 kgN·hm-2后,逐渐下降到目前的150.0 kgN·hm-2左右,磷盈余量从20.0 kgP2O5·hm-2左右增加到2002年的峰值95.9 kgP2O5·hm-2后,下降到目前的34.4 kgP2O5·hm-2;在其40个乡镇中有36个表现为氮盈余、26个表现为磷盈余,其中氮盈余量最高的达到561.7 kgN·hm-2,磷盈余量最高的为171.1 kgP2O5·hm-2。农田系统氮磷养分大量盈余主要是源于投入化肥量和承载粪便量较高,山东禹城明显高于湖南桃源,所以,为了减少养分盈余损失,应根据农田作物生长养分需求尽可能地减少化肥投入,并根据耕地粪便承载容量在区域内外合理调配畜禽粪便的施用。

关键词: 氮磷平衡, 农田系统, 山东禹城, 湖南桃源

Abstract: The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances of cropland within two different areas of crop-animal mixed farming system, Yucheng County, Shandong Province and Taoyuan County, Hunan Province were taken as the case study. The result shows that N and P input to the cropland has been increased since 1980, so is the case of N and P export. However, a large amount of N and P surplus was produced owing to the increasing input of N and P to cropland which is greater than the export, and there were differences between the two areas. In the cropland of Yucheng County, the surplus of N and P has been increasing year by year, annual N surplus per hectare of farmland was greatly increased from 133.8 kgN·hm-2 to over 450.0 kgN·hm-2, and annual P surplus per hectare farmland was increased from 6.2 kgP2O5·hm-2 to 148.9 kgP2O5·hm-2. As a result, in 11 villages and towns of Yucheng, 10 of them show N surplus and 9 of them have P surplus to different extent of which the largest amount of N surplus reaching 841.8 kgN·hm-2 and the P surplus 297.8 kgP2O5·hm-2. In the cropland of Taoyuan County, the surplus amount of both N and P were increased till 2002, and then began to decline. The N surplus increased from about 100.0 kgN·hm-2 to the ceiling amount of 253.7 kgN·hm-2, then decreased to the present about 150.0 kgN·hm-2, and the P surplus increased from about 20 kgP2O5·hm-2 to the peak of 95.9 kgP2O5·hm-2 and then decreased to about 34.4 kgP2O5·hm-2 at present. In 40 village and towns of Taoyuan County, 36 of them exhibit N surplus and 26 of them appear P surplus to different extent, of which the highest amount of N surplus is 561.7 kgN·hm-2and the highest amount of P surplus is 171.1 kgP2O5·hm-2. A great deal of N and P surplus resulted from either overuse of fertilizer or overload of manure within cropland, and the surplus amount of both N and P in Yucheng County is greater than that in Taoyuan County. To cut down N and P surplus and loss, fertilizer should be minimized as much as possible according to crops need, besides manure should be applied inside and outside the area according to the carrying capacity of cropland to manure.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus balance, cropland, Yucheng, Shandong Province, Taoyuan, Hunan Province

中图分类号: 

  • S143