风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.04.013

自然资源学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 674-682.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.04.013

风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征

李秋艳¹, 蔡强国², 方海燕²

1. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京 100083;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室地貌与流域过程研究室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2010-03-25 修回日期:2010-10-30 出版日期:2011-04-29 发布日期:2011-04-29
通讯作者: 蔡强国(1946- ),男,研究员,博士生导师,从事土壤侵蚀、水土保持、流域侵蚀产沙模拟研究。E-mail: caiqg@igsnrr.ac.cn E-mail:caiqg@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:李秋艳(1978- ),女,山东金乡人,博士后,主要从事水土保持与生态恢复研究。E-mail: lqymily@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-442); 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(10501-225);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题(2010007);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20090460421);中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动专项。

Contribution Characteristics of Wind Erosion to the Sediment Yield in the Kuyehe River Watershed at Time Scales

LI Qiu-yan¹, CAI Qiang-guo², FANG Hai-yan²

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2010-03-25 Revised:2010-10-30 Online:2011-04-29 Published:2011-04-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风蚀在黄土高原风水蚀复合区的侵蚀产沙中扮演着重要的角色。利用窟野河流域神木水文站水沙资料及有关气象资料,分析了风蚀对窟野河神木水文站以上流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征。结果表明,风力的侵蚀搬运对窟野河流域产沙起着重要的作用。月时间尺度上,风沙入河量存在"存储—释放"的过程;风蚀产沙贡献在3月和11—12月出现高峰值,4—9月风蚀贡献率逐渐降低;冬春季节淤积的泥沙,在夏季逐渐被冲走,到了9月,把淤积的泥沙最大限度冲走而开始新的淤积过程;月时间尺度上风蚀贡献率与风蚀气候因子分布趋势一致;7、8两月的风沙贡献量占年风蚀贡献总量的80.5%,风沙贡献量的峰值出现在7月,约7.75×10⁶ t。季尺度上,夏季风蚀贡献率最低,仅7.8%。秋、冬季逐渐升高,春季达到最高,风蚀贡献率为28.6%。年尺度上,风力作用对神木水文站以上流域的产沙贡献为17.2%,风蚀贡献量为12.7×10⁶ t/a。

关键词: 风蚀产沙, 风蚀气候因子, 风水复合侵蚀

Abstract: Wind erosion plays an important role on sediment yield in complex erosion zone by wind and water of the Loess Plateau. Contribution characteristics of wind erosion to the sediment yield in the Kuyehe River watershed at time scales was estimated based on the sediment discharge records at Shenmu Hydrological Station and meteorological measurements recorded at meteorological stations in and around the watershed. The results reveal that wind erosion is a principal contributor to sediment yield of the Kuyehe River watershed. At the monthly scale, sediment yield from wind erosion had a restore-release process. Wind erosion contribution rate was the highest in March and November-December, and was lower from April to September. Alluvial sediment in winter and spring was gradually discharged in summer. The wind erosion contribution rate at the monthly scale was consistent with the wind erosion climatic factor. The amount of sediment of July and August from wind erosion occupied 80.5% of the total amount of a year. At the seasonal scale, wind erosion contribution rate in summer was the lowest of 7.8%, and gradually increased in autumn and winter, then reached the highest in spring of 28.6%. At yearly scale, wind erosion contribution rate is about 17.2% at catchments upstream of Shenmu Hydrological Station in the Kuyehe River watershed during the period 1956-1970.

Key words: wind erosion contribution to sediment yield, wind erosion climatic factor, complex erosion by wind and water

中图分类号:

TV141

李秋艳, 蔡强国, 方海燕. 风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(4): 674-682.

LI Qiu-yan, CAI Qiang-guo, FANG Hai-yan. Contribution Characteristics of Wind Erosion to the Sediment Yield in the Kuyehe River Watershed at Time Scales[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2011, 26(4): 674-682.

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风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征

Contribution Characteristics of Wind Erosion to the Sediment Yield in the Kuyehe River Watershed at Time Scales

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