自然资源学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 135-144.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.01.014

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哈尔滨站径流、输沙的多时间尺度特征

穆兴民1,2, 宋小燕2,3, 高鹏1,2, 王飞1,2, 王双银1   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    2. 中国科学院、水利部 水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤 侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100;
    3. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2009-12-02 修回日期:2010-08-16 出版日期:2011-01-30 发布日期:2011-01-30
  • 作者简介:穆兴民(1961- ),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为水土保持、生态水文。E-mail:xmmu@ms.iswc.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家"973"项目"中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究"(2007CB401203)。

The Multi-time Scale Features of Runoff and Sediment Discharge in Harbin

MU Xing-min1,2, SONG Xiao-yan2,3, GAO Peng1,2, WANG Fei1,2, WANG Shuang-yin1   

  1. 1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;
    3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2009-12-02 Revised:2010-08-16 Online:2011-01-30 Published:2011-01-30

摘要: 水沙多时间尺度变化的复杂结构分析可为短期及中长期水沙预测提供科学依据。选用松花江哈尔滨控制站1955—2005年年均面降雨量、年均径流和输沙量数据,采用小波多尺度分析方法,分析哈尔滨站主要水文要素的周期及其多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:哈尔滨站降雨、径流和输沙量序列主周期基本一致且均存在多时间尺度特征。三要素的第一主周期为24.0~26.0 a,第二主周期为17.0~18.0 a,第三主周期为6.0~7.0 a。在7 a时间尺度上,20世纪50—60年代,降雨、径流和输沙量序列的曲线变化基本同步。20世纪70年代,由于大规模人口迁入以及为解决粮食问题的水土资源开发导致了三条曲线发生紊乱,20世纪80年代后黑土地综合治理措施的实施使得三条曲线重新趋于一致。在17 a和26 a时间尺度上,受引水工程、兴建水库等人类活动的影响,三条曲线间的变化出现不同步现象。水沙丰枯变化及奇异点判断与时间尺度有密切关系,离开时间尺度的变化趋势是毫无意义的。

关键词: 降雨, 径流, 输沙, 小波分析, 多时间尺度, 哈尔滨

Abstract: Multi-time scales analysis may provide a scientific basis for short-term and long-term projections of runoff and sediment discharge. The multi-time scale features of precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge were studied using wavelet analysis test in Songhuajiang River. The data of areal average precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge from 1955 to 2005 were employed for Harbin Hydrological Gauging Station. The results showed that precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge had significant approximate periodicity and multi-time scale features. Their first main periods were 24.0-26.0 years, the second main periods were 17.0-18.0 years, and the third periods were 6.0-7.0 years. At the 7 years scale, changes of precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge had the synchronization from the 1950s to the 1960s; in the 1970s, due to massive population movement, as well as the irrational development of water and land resources, a three-curve disorder was resulted; after the 1980s, the implementation of comprehensive measures made three curves re-converge. At 17 and 26 years scales, because of water diversion project, the construction of reservoirs and other human activities, there is not always synchronization between the three curves. Wet and dry years and singular points were closely related to the time scale, so the trend divorced from time scales is meaningless.

Key words: areal average precipitation, runoff, sediment discharge, wavelet transform, multi-time scale, Harbin 

中图分类号: 

  • P333