黄土高原清水河流域土地利用/覆盖和降雨变化对侵蚀产沙的影响

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.08.011

自然资源学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 1340-1349.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.08.011

黄土高原清水河流域土地利用/覆盖和降雨变化对侵蚀产沙的影响

唐丽霞^1,3, 张志强¹, 王新杰², 王盛萍⁴, 查同刚¹

1. 教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室, 北京 100083;
2. 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 10008;
3. 贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025;
4. 华北电力大学, 北京 102206

收稿日期:2010-02-25 修回日期:2010-05-11 出版日期:2010-08-20 发布日期:2010-08-20
通讯作者: 张志强(1967- ),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为流域生态水文与管理。E-mail: zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail:zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:唐丽霞(1976- ),女,内蒙古人,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向为流域生态水文。E-mail: xialitang123@163.com
基金资助:
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A0202)。

Effects of Precipitation and Land Use/Cover Variability on Erosion and Sediment Yield in Qingshuihe Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

TANG Li-xia^1,3, ZHANG Zhi-qiang¹, WANG Xin-jie², WANG Sheng-ping⁴, ZHA Tong-gang¹

1. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. College of Forest Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10008;
3. College of Forest Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
4. North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2010-02-25 Revised:2010-05-11 Online:2010-08-20 Published:2010-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近50 a来,在气候变化和生态恢复与治理工程实施的背景下,黄土高原的侵蚀产沙特征发生了明显的变化。以黄土高原典型中尺度流域清水河流域(面积436 km²)为研究对象,利用1959、1986、2007年的土地利用解译结果和1960—2005年该流域实测输沙和降水资料,采用非参数Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和滑动t检验法研究了该流域年输沙量、降雨量的变化趋势和突变点,并与通用土壤流失方程相结合分析了该流域土地利用和降雨变化对输沙量变化的贡献率。结果表明:该流域年输沙量47 a间有显著的下降趋势,突变点位于1980年;降雨量没有明显的趋势性变化,极端降雨指数下降。降雨因素对输沙量减少的贡献率为9.89％, 土地利用的贡献率为90.11％, 土地利用变化中工程措施淤地坝的贡献率为5.56％,植被变化的贡献率为84.55％。该流域47 a间乔木林地面积增加了944.27％,灌木林地增加了19.33％,表明清水河流域林地面积增加是导致输沙量减少的主要原因。

关键词: 黄土高原, 降雨, 土地利用, 侵蚀产沙

Abstract: Large scale re-vegetation based soil and water conservation deployed to combat the severe soil erosion since the 1950s on the Loess Plateau of China has resulted in the dramatic change of land use and land cover. On the other hand, the region is considered to be the most sensitive area for global climate variability. Therefore, it is critically important to understand and predict the coupling effects of land use and climate variability on the sediment characteristics for integrated watershed management and ecological restoration. The study examined the trend of annual sediment, precipitation and their change points for a typical meso-scale Qingshuihe watershed located on the Loess Plateau by using non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, Moving t-test technique, and hopped parameter analysis. Based on the land use/cover of 1959, 1986 and 2005, USLE was used to separate the land use/cover change effects on the sediment yields from that of climate variability. The result showed that during the 47 a of 1960-2005 the annual sediment yield had significant decreasing trend,change point occurred in 1980. Precipitation had no significant trend, but the indexes of extreme precipitation decreased. It was estimated that the precipitation changes accounted for 9.89％ and land use/cover changes accounted for 90.11%, among which 5.56% from the engineering measure(check dams) and 84.55% from vegetation changes to the reduction sediment yield of Qingshuihe watershed. According to the analytical result of land use, in 1959-2005 the forest area increased 944.27% and the shrubbery area increased 19.33%. So, the increase of forest land areas is the main reason to give rise to the decrease of sediment yield in the Qingshuihe wastershed.

Key words: the Loess Plateau, precipitation, land use, sediment yield and soil erosion

中图分类号:

S157

唐丽霞, 张志强, 王新杰, 王盛萍, 查同刚. 黄土高原清水河流域土地利用/覆盖和降雨变化对侵蚀产沙的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(8): 1340-1349.

TANG Li-xia, ZHANG Zhi-qiang, WANG Xin-jie, WANG Sheng-ping, ZHA Tong-gang. Effects of Precipitation and Land Use/Cover Variability on Erosion and Sediment Yield in Qingshuihe Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2010, 25(8): 1340-1349.

参考文献

[1] 姚玉璧, 王毅荣, 李耀辉, 等. 中国黄土高原气候暖干化及其对生态环境的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2005, 27(5): 146-152. [2] 周晓红, 赵景波. 黄土高原气候变化与植被恢复[J]. 干旱区研究, 2005, 23(1): 116-119. [3] 刘晓清, 赵景波, 于学峰. 黄土高原气候变暖干旱化趋势及适应对策[J]. 干旱区研究, 2006, 23(4): 627-631. [4] McVicar T R, Li L T, Van Niel T G. Developing a decision support tool for China’s re-vegetation program: Simulating regional impacts of afforestation on average annual streamflow in the Loess Plateau [J]. Forest Ecology and Management. 2007, 251: 65-81. [5] Cong Z T, Yang D W, Gao B. Hydrological trend analysis in the Yellow River basin using a distributed hydrological model [J]. Water Resource Research, 2009, 45, W00A13, doi: 10.1029/2008WR006852. [6] Li L J, Zhang L, Wang H. Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow from the Wuding River basin in China [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2007,21(25): 3485-3491. [7] Zhang X P, Zhang L, McVicar T R. Modeling the impact of afforestation on average annual streamflow in the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2008,22: 1996-2004. [8] Zhang X P, Zhang L, Zhao J. Responses of streamflow to changes in climate and land use/cover in the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Water Resource Research, 2008, 44, W00A07, doi: 10.1029/2007WR006711. [9] Mu X M, Zhang L, McVicar T R. Analysis of the impact of conservation measures on streamflow regime in catchments of the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2007(21): 2124-2134. [10] Xu Z X, Li J Y, Liu C M. Long-term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2007, (21): 1935-1948. [11] 张建云, 王国庆, 等. 气候变化对水文水资源影响研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007. [12] Mann H B. Non-parametric test against trend [J]. Econometrika, 1945, 13: 245-259. [13] Kendall M G. Rank Correlation Methods [M]. London: Charles Griffin, 1955. [14] Afifi A A, Azen S P. Statistical Analysis: A Computer Oriented Approach [M]. New York: Harcourt Btace Jovanonich Publishers, 1972, [15] 符淙斌, 王强. 气候突变的定义与检测方法[J]. 大气科学, 1992, 16(4): 482-492, 366. [16] 杨雨行, 韩熙春. 山西省吉县清水河流域森林动态变化对水沙影响的初报[J], 北京林业大学学报, 1991, 13(2): 59-67. [17] Wischmeier W H, Smith D D. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning [M]. USDA-ARS, 1978: 282. [18] Yu B, Rosewell C J. A robust estimatior of the R-factor for the universal soil loss equation [J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1996, 39(2): 559-561. [19] 殷水清, 谢云. 黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空分布[J]. 水土保持通报, 2005, 25(4): 29-33. [20] 王盛萍, 典型小流域土地利用与气候变异的生态水文响应研究. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2007: 37-38. [21] 蔡崇法, 丁树文, 史志华, 等. 应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRIS预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2000, 14(2): 19-24. [22] 史志华, 蔡崇法, 丁树文, 等. 基于GIS和RUSLE的小流域农地水土保持规划研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2002, 18(4): 172-175. [23] 唐丽霞. 黄土高原清水河流域土地利用/气候变化对径流泥沙的影响. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2009. [24] 牟金泽, 孟庆枚. 论流域产沙量计算中的泥沙输移比[J]. 泥沙研究, 1982(2): 60-65. [25] 徐建华, 吴发启, 等. 黄土高原产流产沙机制及水土保持措施对水资源和泥沙影响的机理研究[M]. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2005. [26] IPCC. Climate Change 2001, Impacts Adaptation, and Mitigation [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. [27] Karl T R, Knight R W. Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the USA [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1998, 79: 231-241. [28] Stone D A, Weaver A J, Zwiers F W. Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity [J]. Atmospheric Ocean, 1999, 2: 321-347. [29] Yamamoto R, Sakurai Y. Long-term intensification of extremely heavy rainfall intensity in recent 100 years [J]. World Resource Reviews, 1999, 11: 271-281. [30] Manton M J, Della-Marta P M, Haylock M R, et al. Trends in extreme daily rainfall and temperature in Southeast Asia and South Pacific: 1961-1998 [J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2001: 21269-21284. [31] Buffoni L, Maugeri M, Nanni T. Precipitation in Italy from 1833 to 1996 [J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1999, 63: 33-40. [32] 卫伟, 陈利顶, 傅伯杰, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区极端降雨事件及其对径流泥沙的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2007, 30(6): 896-901.

黄土高原清水河流域土地利用/覆盖和降雨变化对侵蚀产沙的影响

Effects of Precipitation and Land Use/Cover Variability on Erosion and Sediment Yield in Qingshuihe Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	周才钰, 许有鹏, 刘鹏飞, 王强, 王杰. 东部湿润区典型小流域土地利用的土壤水效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 490-500.
[2]	李明珍, 李阳兵, 冉彩虹. 土地利用转型背景下的乡村景观格局演变响应——基于草堂溪流域的样带分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(9): 2283-2298.
[3]	蒋伟萱, 高金龙, 陈江龙, 张英浩. 基于土地利用视角的乡村居业协同多尺度分析——以徐州市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(8): 2002-2013.
[4]	王晓艺, 苏正安, 马菁, 杨鸿琨, 何周窈, 周涛. 河北坝上与坝下不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6): 1360-1368.
[5]	汪言在, 董一帆, 苏正安. 基于土地利用与植被恢复情景的土壤侵蚀演变特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6): 1369-1380.
[6]	燕守广, 李辉, 李海东, 张银龙. 基于土地利用与景观格局的生态保护红线生态系统健康评价方法——以南京市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1109-1118.
[7]	张悦悦, 李翠珍, 周德, 夏浩. 乡村振兴视域下农村土地利用利益相关者分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1132-1146.
[8]	廖伟华, 聂鑫, 蒋卫国. 基于序列模式的土地利用变化分析——以广西壮族自治区为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1160-1171.
[9]	张宇硕, 吴殿廷, 吕晓. 土地利用/覆盖变化对生态系统服务的影响：空间尺度视角的研究综述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1172-1189.
[10]	李珊珊, 李阳兵, 王萌萌, 罗光杰. 基于微空间单元的岩溶峡谷区土地利用结构演变[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(4): 908-924.
[11]	卢龙辉, 陈福军, 许月卿, 黄安, 黄玲. 京津冀“生态系统服务转型”及其空间格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 532-545.
[12]	王洁, 摆万奇, 田国行. 土地利用生态风险评价研究进展[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 576-585.
[13]	徐豪, 刘钢. 考虑随机降雨预测的区域水期权交易动态定价机制研究——以广东省为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 713-727.
[14]	杨静涵, 刘梦云, 张杰, 张萌萌, 曹润珊, 曹馨悦. 黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤养分空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 743-754.
[15]	陈卓鑫, 王文龙, 郭明明, 王天超, 郭文召, 王文鑫, 康宏亮, 杨波, 赵满. 黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复对不同地貌部位土壤可蚀性的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2): 387-398.