关键词: 水资源消费, 气候, 中国城市

Abstract: Under the background of global environmental change, the shortage of water resource has already become a problem of resource and environment which has been paid much attention in the world. Since China is a country with water resource shortage, it is significant to study the change of urban water consumption. There are many factors that influence water consumption and among them climate is very important. In this paper, the climate water consumption is separated from the total water consumption by polynomial model and the method of statistical analysis is used to explore the relationship between the climate water consumption and the climatic factors and its changes in 241 Chinese cities .The conclusions are as follows:Temperature, precipitation and humidity are the main factors that affect the climate water consumption. In winter, the regional disparities between the South and the North are significant. In spring, the regional disparities between the East and the West are significant. In most cities of China there exists a positive correlation between climate water consumption and the temperature in summer and autumn. In many cities there exists a positive correlation between climate water consumption and the winter/spring temperature.In recent years, the global temperature has increased apparently, which results in extreme weather and extreme climate environment and it is also an important factor that results in the increase of urban climate water consumption. As the urbanization of Chinese cities accelerate, the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban water is also emerging out more frequently. Since the trend of subalpine timberline becomes more obvious with the increase of latitude, the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban water in the northern Chinese cities is much outstanding. In the seasons and areas where eco-environmental water requirement is the chief one, there exists a significant negative relation between climate water consumption and precipitation. When precipitation influences climate water consumption through influencing human body, there exists a significant positive relation between climate water consumption and precipitation. Effect of humidity on urban water consumption results from the interaction of humidity and high temperature, and only in the seasons and areas where it is too dry or too wet can it work.

Key words: water consumption, climate, Chinese cities