自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 219-229.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.02.006

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州坡耕地水土保持措施效益研究

朱青1,2, 王兆骞1, 尹迪信3   

  1. 1. 浙江大学 生命科学学院,杭州 310029;
    2. 贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵阳 550006;
    3. 贵州省现代农业发展研究所,贵阳 550006
  • 收稿日期:2007-05-04 修回日期:2007-09-03 出版日期:2008-03-25 发布日期:2008-03-25
  • 作者简介:朱青(1962- ),女,贵州贵阳人,副研究员,博士生,主要从事环境生态学及自然资源管理研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(30030030);国际植物营养研究所项目;国家支撑计划专题(2006BAD05B06-06);贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合nz字(2007)3002);贵州省国际科技合作重点项目(黔科合外G字(2005)400111)。

A Study on Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measurements on Sloping Land in Guizhou

ZHU Qing1,2, WANG Zhao-qian1, YIN Di-xin3   

  1. 1. Life Sciences College,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China;
    2. Guizhou Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Guiyang 550006,China;
    3. Institute of Guizhou Modernlization Agriculture Development,Guiyang 550006,China
  • Received:2007-05-04 Revised:2007-09-03 Online:2008-03-25 Published:2008-03-25

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85 | 22

摘要： 对旱坡地水土保持的截流沟措施、横坡种植措施和植物篱措施进行效益研究,结果表明:在裸露耕地上,水土流失十分严重,地表径流达到4 044.4m3/hm2·a、土壤流失高达172.4t/hm2·a,以此速率流失土壤,其耕层(15cm)约在12年后,将被冲刷殆尽。截流沟措施与横坡种植措施相比,可减少地表径流702.6m3 /hm2·a和土壤流失19.2t/hm2·a;但其占地面积大,农作物产量低,收益小。植物篱种植措施与横坡种植相比可减少地表径流345.3m3/hm2·a;土壤流失21.0t/hm2·a。虽然植物篱占据耕地面积,但并不影响农作物产量。植物篱种植下的耕层土壤的酸碱度和质地得到改善,土壤养分含量有所提高,土壤侵蚀速率远低于易风化土壤的成土速率,同时结合人工翻耕,每年平均以17.5cm的速度形成梯坎,以1.1°的速度减缓坡度。该项措施最终可实现坡改梯的目的,实现旱坡地的可持续利用。

关键词: 坡耕地, 水土流失, 植物篱, 水土保持措施

Abstract: After eight-year study on effects of soil and water conservation measurements which were alley cropping,cross channel and cross planting on sloping land in Guizhou,the results showed soil erosion on the bared sloping farmland was very serious.The runoff reached 4044.4 m3/ha·a and the soil loss reached 172.4t/ha·a on it.The topsoil (15cm) will be eroded and the productivity of soil will be lost after 12 years in case of such erosion.Cross channel measurement on sloping land could reduce runoff by 702.6m3/ha·a and soil loss by 19.2t/ha·a compared with cross planting measurement,but the crop yield and income were low since the cross channel occupied much more area of land.Alley cropping measurement could reduce runoff by 345.3 m3/ha·a and soil loss by 21.0t/ha·a in comparison with cross planting measurement.Although parts of land were occupied by alley crops,the crop yield did not reduce.Soil pH,soil texture and nutrition contained in top soil were enhanced and the soil erosion rate was further lower than soil weathering rate under alley cropping measurement.Combined with land cultivation, the sloping land could be terraced at a speed of 17.5cm per year and slow down the sloping at a speed of 1.1°.The sloping land to be terraced and to be cultivated sustainably can be achieved under the alley cropping measurement finally.

Key words: sloping land, soil erosion and water loss, alley cropping, soil and water conservation management

中图分类号: 

  • S157.2