自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 95-102.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2008.01.011

• 资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国七大流域河道生态用水现状评价

王西琴1, 张远2   

  1. 1. 中国人民大学 环境学院,北京 100872;
    2. 中国环境科学研究院 河流与海岸带创新基地,北京 100012
  • 收稿日期:2007-04-29 修回日期:2007-09-11 出版日期:2008-02-01 发布日期:2008-02-01
  • 作者简介:王西琴(1965- ),女,副教授,博士,主要从事于水资源与水环境管理方面研究。
  • 基金资助:

    教育部重点科技项目(105042)。

Situation Evaluation on River Channel Ecological Water Requirements of Seven Major Basins in China

WANG Xi-qin1, ZHANG Yuan2   

  1. 1. School of Natural Resources and Environment, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872;
    2. River and Coastal Environmental Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
  • Received:2007-04-29 Revised:2007-09-11 Online:2008-02-01 Published:2008-02-01

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被引次数

45 | 5

摘要： 从河流生态用水的基本属性出发,提出了河道生态用水"量"与"质"的评价方法,其中量的评价方法包括水资源利用率法、实测径流法、消耗系数等3种方法,质的评价是基于污径比指标进行评价,并确定了"量"与"质"的评价标准。以我国松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、珠江等7个流域为例,采用上述方法进行实证分析,结果表明,如果单纯从量的角度进行评价,仅海河、黄河流域存在河道生态用水短缺现象,其它流域总体上为基本不短缺。但是如果对生态用水的质进行评价,只有松花江、长江和珠江的水质可以满足生态用水的要求,其它流域均在较差等级以下。结果表明只有从量和质两个方面进行评价,才能够揭示出我国生态用水的水量性或者水质性短缺的现实状况。

关键词: 河道, 生态用水, 评价, 七大流域, 中国

Abstract: According to attributes of ecological water requirements, evaluation methods of river ecological flow was proposed in terms of water quantity and water quality. The water quantity evaluation methods included water resources utilization ratio method, measured runoff method, consumption coefficient method; and the water quality evaluation method was established based on wastewater-runoff ratio factors. The standards for water quantity and water quality evaluation were also proposed. Seven major basins of China, including the Songhuajiang River, the Liaohe River, the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River, and the Zhujiang River, were studied as examples by using the above methods. The results indicated that if these rivers were evaluated merely from water quantity, the ecological flow is lower than the water requirements standards in the Haihe River and the Yellow River; however, if these basins were evaluated at the same time of water quantity and water quality, the ecological flow is higher than the water requirement standards only in the Songhuajiang River, the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River. These showed that actual ecological water shortage could be revealed only by evaluation methods on the basis of "water quantity" and "water quality" in China.

Key words: river channel, ecological water use, evaluation, seven major basins, China

中图分类号: 

  • P333