关键词: 旅游景区(点)系统, 旅游流, 空间分布, 分形发育, 四川省

Abstract: By borrowing Mandelbrot's fractal theory,Chen Yanguang and Liu Jisheng introduced a new method,grid dimension measures,to study urban system fractal property.Using this method,this paper carried out a case study of Sichuan province by substituting the urban sites by tourism scenic spots,and got the capacity and information fitting equation of non-scaling section in the periods of before 1980,1981-1990,1991-2000,and 1990 and 2006.On this basis,it analyzed the spatial fractal property and its varying laws in different periods,then checked it by the size-structure pattern variation of tourist flow,and finally made the following conclusions. The fractal structure is formed during gradual evolution.In Sichuan province,the capacity and information dimension of non-scaling section of tourism scenic spot system varies little in different periods,but the values increase gradually between 1-2,indicating a more and more balanced distribution of tourism scenic spots in each district.In 1980,the capacity dimension and information entropy graph was partly linear fitting,but the information dimension is bigger than capacity dimension,suggesting a non-developed fractal in this period.After 1990,the fitting line slope was between 1-2 on the ln-ln graph,with the appearance of non-scaling section,and capacity dimension bigger than information dimension,indicating the formation of a fractal structure.Gradual increase of capacity dimension and information dimension reflects the spatial distribution variation of tourism scenic spots—from cumulated to relatively balanced distribution in the province. The fractal development of spatial distribution is generally uniform with the fractal evolution of tourist flow size,but the detailed process is not simultaneous.For example,in Sichuan province,though the size structure of domestic tourist flow satisfies the Zipf laws and possesses fractal features,the spatial distribution of tourist flow size transformed from Pareto pattern before 1999 to logarithmic normal pattern in 2000-2001,then restored as Pareto pattern.The fractal evolution speed of spatial distribution pattern is more rapid than that of fractal development of tourism scenic spot system,and leads to slight difference in their evolutionary process. The fractal development of the spatial distribution of tourism scenic spots provides favorable carrier platform for the development of tourism industry,but this does not indicate that size distribution of tourist flow can undoubtedly satisfy the Zipf laws and form ideal fractal structure.The developing quality of tourism scenic spots,market guide and relative factors need to be regulated and controlled.Thus the fractal development of spatial distribution can be supported by tourist flow system and be endowed more substantive connotation.

Key words: tourism scenic spot system, tourist flow, spatial distribution, fractal development, Sichuan province