自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 361-370.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.005

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市沿海滩涂土地资源圈围与潮滩发育演变分析

李九发 应铭 戴志军 吴荣荣 付桂 徐海根   

  1. ( 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海200062)
  • 收稿日期:2007-02-03 修回日期:2007-03-03 出版日期:2007-05-15 发布日期:2007-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 李九发( 1949- ) , 男, 江西省南丰人, 教授, 主要从事河口海岸泥沙运动、海岸工程、自然资源开发利用 和保护等方面的研究。 E-mail:E-mail: jfli@re.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李九发( 1949- ) , 男, 江西省南丰人, 教授, 主要从事河口海岸泥沙运动、海岸工程、自然资源开发利用 和保护等方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家908 专项(HAD1) ; 上海市科学技术委员会重大项目( 04dz12037) ; 上海市启明星科技项目
    ( 06QA14016) 资助。

Analysis on the Development and Evolution of Tidal Flats and R eclamation of Land Resource along Shore of Shanghai City

LI Jiu-fa, DAI Zhi-jun, YING Ming, WU Rong-rong, FU Gui, XU Hai-gen   

  1. ( State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)
  • Received:2007-02-03 Revised:2007-03-03 Online:2007-05-15 Published:2007-05-15

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54 | 14

摘要： 上海市62%的土地是近2 000 年来长江来沙堆积而成, 尤其近50 余年来, 采用围垦—促 淤—围垦等有效的拦沙造地方式, 圈围滩涂1.01×105hm2, 为缓解上海城市发展所需的土地资源紧 缺、促进工农业发展和城市基本建设发挥了巨大的作用。论文将GIS 平台获取大量滩涂变化的基本 数据和长期现场观测资料相结合, 总结并提出: 充分利用长江来沙资源, 采用中高潮滩种青和工程 促淤拦沙圈围方法, 可加速潮滩淤涨发育和滩涂土地资源增长, 而低滩工程促淤虽然不利于潮滩地 形快速恢复, 但可快速获得大片土地资源。因而, 保证了50 余年来上海市在圈围土地与基本保持沿 海潮滩湿地面积总量变幅较少方面取得双赢效果。

关键词: 自然地理, 滩涂土地资源, GIS, 上海市, 潮流, 泥沙输移

Abstract: There was about 62% land resource of Shanghai developed as a result of the deposi-ti on of sediment from the Yangtze River in the past 2 000 years.Especially in the latest 50 years, some efficient methods included Inning-Siltation Promotion-Inning, had been adopted to block up the sediment and to create land.These reclamated land resource amounting to 1.01×105hm2 had the land area enlarged by 15.8% in Shanghai.Obviously, it was important that the reclamation of land could alleviate shortage of land resource for the development of Shanghai, and promote industrial and agricultural development and capital construction.Based on the data of the tidal flat elevation data obgained by GIS and the long term field survey of hydrology and sediment, it was found that the abundant sediment from the Yangtze River and its adjacent areas, the hydrologic regimes around the Yangtze River estuary were advantageous to create new land resource.Many projects, which included crop cultivation works, waterway closure works, siltation promotion project on low tidal flats, piling up sediment from shallow seabed to the inner region of the dam, damming under water, etc., had been successfully adopted around the shore of Shanghai.Different methods should be used at the corresponding phase in order to take a great advantage of the sediment supplied by the Yangtze River for promoting siltation.For example, some Inning Projects such as crop cultivation works and river branch closure works were developed at the middle and high tidal flats, which could accelerate the siltation of tidal flats and the increment of land resource.However, the projects of damming works and piling up sediment from shallow seabed to the inner region of the dam were done at the low tidal flats, which resulted in the expansion of the land resources and exposure of shallow sea topography.It was proved over the past 50 years that situations between reclaimed areas of land and changes of the areas of wetland and tidal flats could keep sustainable development.

Key words: land resource, GIS, Shanghai city, tidal flow, sediment transport

中图分类号: 

  • P942