关键词: 塔里木河, 分布式水文模型, 地理信息系统(GIS), 生态闸

Abstract: Because of the exploitation and utilization of water resources,water resources consumption in the river basin has changed mainly from natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem.The control of human being on the water resources has become more and more important,and the effect of gates,weirs and dams become more significant.Eco-gate flood is a special path in Tarim River basin to control water resource and recover natural vegetation,and the running rules of eco-gates base on water distribution and transportation states in the area.This research chose Canmulik Eco-gate as an example and simulated the processes of water overflow within the field.Data of several aspects was used in the simulation,such as topographical data,land surface attribute data,meteorological data and hydrological data.Then,we calculated quantitative relations of flood volume;flood time and flood area by doing statistical analysis on the results of simulations.The model not only created a method to calculate and analyze the effect of ecological flood,but also simulated flow directions and spatial distribution of the water that poured from the eco-gate,and the results of flood simulation accord with observed data very well.In addition,the equations which reveal the rules of flood process and water distribution in the ecological zone of Canmulik have been calculated for giving some pivotal laws of eco-gate running,and can be used in making of water distribution plans.Combining hydrological methods with GIS is a new path to simulate the flood process in small scale,provide some basic knowledge to water resource management of the basin,and is also a new attempt to solve the conflict of society,economy and water resources.But the calibration of the model needs further researches.We are going to combine the observational data of flood processes with the results of RS image interpretation,and make the model more veracity.

Key words: Tarim basin, distributed hydrological model, GIS, eco-gate