关键词: 水资源, 生态和环境问题, 对策, 东北地区

Abstract: Some ecological and environmental problems are caused due to water resources extensive utilization,which has affected water resources sustainable utilization and development.Northeast China,which includes three provinces Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang and the east of Inner Mongolia is famous for its old industrial base.it is featured by better growing conditions and rich natural resources feature.The regional development is based on water resources exploitation.In the past 50 years,the exploitation and utilization of water resources have extended to a certain degree with industrial and agricultural development,causing a serious of water-related serious ecological and environmental problems:①Severe water pollution:the length of reaches satisfyingⅠ～Ⅲ water quality criteria was less than 40% of the total qualified reaches to be evaluated and the length of reaches below water quality criteria was over 60% in 2003;②land desertification: Land desertification has been aggravating in the western part of Wortheast China,river cut-off has happened in a number of watercourses;and ③groundwater overdraft and large-scale wetland shrinkage occurred in many places.To solve the above problems,several suggestions and countermeasures are put forward:firstly,ecological restoration and environmental protection must follow the law of nature;secondly,ecological and environmental water requirement should be satisfied;Finally,monitoring system should be strengthened to supply real-time data.Generally,ecological and environmental problems are correlated with water resources utilization of Northeast China.Water resources must be used with in the limit of the available amout and exploited according to the local conditions,and equal stress should be laid on economical and high-effecient utilization so as to realize sustainable development of Northeast China.

Key words: water resources, ecological and environmental problems, countermeasure, North-east China