自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 349-361.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2006.03.003

• 资源利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镍含量及其健康风险

陈同斌1, 宋波1,2, 郑袁明1, 黄泽春1, 郑国砥1, 雷梅1, 陈煌1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复研究中心,北京100101;
    2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2005-10-26 修回日期:2006-01-23 出版日期:2006-06-25 发布日期:2006-06-25
  • 作者简介:陈同斌(1963)，男，研究员，研究领域：植物修复、废弃物资源化利用、区域土壤环境质量与风险评 估。E-mail: chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家杰出青年基金项目(40325003);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40232022);北京市自然科学基金重大项目(6990002)

A Survey of Nickel Concentrations in Vegetables and Vegetable Soils of Beijing and Their Healthy Risk

CHEN Tong-bin1, SONG Bo1,2, ZHENG Yuan-ming1, HUANG Ze-chun1, ZHENG Guo-di1, LEI Mei1, CHEN Huang1   

  1. 1. Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS, Beijing 100101,China;
    2. Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2005-10-26 Revised:2006-01-23 Online:2006-06-25 Published:2006-06-25

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摘要： 通过对北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤镍含量状况进行大规模调查,研究蔬菜和土壤镍含量及其健康风险,并筛选出抗镍污染能力强的蔬菜品种。根据蔬菜的消费量同时兼顾品种多样性的原则,在北京市规模化蔬菜栽培基地(采集蔬菜及土壤样品)和蔬菜批发市场(蔬菜样品)共采集97种蔬菜412个样品和54个土壤样品。研究发现:北京市菜地土壤镍含量呈正态分布,其含量范围、算术均值和中值分别为2.8～46.5、25.89和25.75m gk/g,均远低于《土壤环境质量标准》中的农业土壤标准p(H>7.5时,250m gk/g);北京市蔬菜镍含量范围、算术均值、几何均值和BoxC-ox均值分别为0.7～1689.0、91.3、53.0和55.4μgk/g;瓜果类蔬菜的镍平均含量显著高于叶菜类,其它类型差异不显著;北京市本地产蔬菜与市售外地产蔬菜的镍含量没有显著差异;裸露地蔬菜镍含量显著高于设施栽培蔬菜;云架豆镍富集系数较高,黄瓜、小白菜、萝卜、甘蓝、辣椒、大白菜和冬瓜次之,而大葱、叶甜菜、茄子、西红柿和部分特菜等镍富集系数最低。北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入镍的量为99.5μg/(人.d),蔬菜镍对北京市部分人群存在一定的健康风险。

关键词: 北京市, 蔬菜, 镍, 健康风险, 抗污染品种

Abstract: In order to assess healthy risk of nickel in vegetables and to select vegetable variety with high pollutant-resistance,a large scale survey on nickel concentrations in vegetable lands and vegetables planted or sold in Beijing,were carried out.A total of 54 soil samples were collected from vegetable lands and their nickel concentrations were determined using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(GF-AAS).In addition,97 varieties with 412 fresh samples of vegetables were obtained from vegetable bases,supermarkets and wholesale markets,with sampling principle of taking both consumption and diversity of vegetables into account.The results showed that the nickel concentrations in vegetable lands ranged from2.8 to 46.5mg·kg-1,with median,arithmetical means(AM)and arithmetical standard deviation(SD)of 25.75,25.89 and 7.33mg·kg-1,respectively.Compared with the background concentrations of soil nickel in Beijing,nickel was found to be accumulated not significantly in the vegetable lands.Nickel concentrations in the vegetables ranged from 0.7 to 1689.0μg·kg-1 fresh weight,with arithmetical and geometrical and Box-Cox means of 91.3μg·kg-1,53.0μg·kg-1 and 55.4μg·kg-1 fresh weight,respectively.Nickel in most of the samples(97.38%)was below the limit,3.0mg·kg-1 and 0.3mg·kg-1 fresh weight pulse vegetables and other vegetables,respectively,set by Tolerance Limit of Nickel in Foods for the maximum permissible concentration of nickel in vegetables.The highest nickel concentration,1689.0μg·kg-1,was found in a green soybean(maodou)sample,followed by a cowpea(Vigna unguic-ulata)and soybean sprouts sample,992.7 and 965.8μg·kg-1,respectively,and then pea(Pisum sativum),celery(Apium graveolens)and horse bean(Vicia faba),745.3,704.3 and 697.4μg·kg-1,respectively.The nickel concentration of vegetables planted in the open field was significantly higher than those planted in greenhouse.Results of hierarchical cluster analysis on bioconcentration factor(BCF)of nickel in vegetables showed that beans round trellis(Vigna unguiculata)can be classified into one group with higher bioconcentration factors of nickel,and hence its nickel-resistant was lower;followed by cucumber(Cucumis sativus),pakchoi(Brassica chinensis),Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis),radish(Raphanus),cabbage(Brassica oleracea),chili(Capsicum annuum)and wax gourd(Beninacasa hispida),which can be classified into one group;and the others were clustered to be a group with the lowest bioconcentration factor of nickel,including eggplant(Sola-num),welsh onion(Allium fistulosum),swiss chard(Beta vulgaris)and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum).The average intake of nickel from vegetables was 99.5μg/individual/day for people of Beijing,and some vegetables with high nickel concentration may lead to a little of healthy risk for local people.

Key words: nickel, Beijing, vegetable, soil, regional differentiation, healthy risk, pollutant-resistant variety