自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 196-203.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2006.02.005

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

雅鲁藏布江中游地表湿润状况的趋势分析

杜军1, 胡军1, 陈华2, 索朗欧珠1   

  1. 1. 拉萨市气象局 拉萨850000;
    2. 西藏自治区气象局装备中心,拉萨850000
  • 收稿日期:2005-09-21 修回日期:2005-11-28 出版日期:2006-04-25 发布日期:2006-04-25
  • 作者简介:杜军（1969），男，正研级高工，主要从事农业气象、气候分析等方面的研究。E-mail:dujun0891@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    西藏自治区科技厅重点科研项目(2002-43);国家自然科学基金(40565002)

Trend of Surface Humid Index in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River over Tibet in Recent 40 Years

DU Jun1, HU Jun1, CHEN Hua2, Sonam Ngotrupd1   

  1. 1. Lhasa Meteorological Bureau,Lhasa 850000,China;
    2. The Equipment Department of Tibet Meteorological Bureau,Lhasa 850000,China
  • Received:2005-09-21 Revised:2005-11-28 Online:2006-04-25 Published:2006-04-25

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77 | 13

摘要： 利用1961—2000年雅鲁藏布江中游4个站月平均最高气温、最低气温、降水量、风速、相对湿度、日照时数资料,应用Penman-Monteith模型计算得出最大潜在蒸散,进而得到地表湿润指数,分析了地表湿润指数的年际变化趋势、年代际变化特征及季节性差异,并讨论了它与降水、气温的联系。研究表明:雅鲁藏布江中游季、年平均气温呈显著的升高趋势;年降水量前20年呈减少趋势,后20年则表现为显著的增加趋势。20世纪60至80年代初,地表为变干趋势;80年代中后期到90年代,降水量增加,最大潜在蒸散显著减小,地表呈变湿趋势。60年代为冷湿型,90年代为暖湿型。

关键词: 地表湿润指数, 气候变化, 雅鲁藏布江中游

Abstract: Humidity index can be expressed by two factors which indicate input and output of atmospheric moist under natural conditions:Precipitation and potential evaporation,represent the change of water and energy balance.In order to clarify the present situation of the environment and regional variations,research has been done on surface wetness in Tibet.The result provides scientific basis for exploring reasons of environmental change over the past 30 years in Tibet and further research on future climatic change.Based on data of monthly maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,wind speed,relative humidity and sunshine duration from four meteorological stations in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River(Brahmaputra)over Tibet from 1961 to 2000,data of the maximum potential evaporation was computed by Penman,Monteith Model,and the surface humid index was obtained.The linear trend,inter,decadal variation and the seasonal difference of the surface humid index were analyzed,and the its relationship with precipitation and temperature was discussed.The results indicated that an obvious linear trend of the warming of annual and seasonal mean temperature existed during the last 40 years,especially the warming was more obvious in winter.Annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend in the first 20 years(1961-1980) and an obvious increasing trend in the last 20 years(1981-2000).Since 1981,precipitation has increased significantly in the flood season(from May to September),with a mean increase of 8.6mm/a.For potential evaporation in the 1960s and the 1970s,the increasing trend was more significant,but the most significant decrease occurred in the 1980s and the 1990s.Also,the rate of pan evaporation over the Yarlung Zangbo River had,on average,steadily decreased,it is particularly so from 1983 to 2000,with a decreasing rate of 22.1mm/a.From the 1960s to the early 1980s,the ground surface showed a drying trend.While from the mid to the late 1980s and the 1990s,the ground surface presented a wetting trend due to precipitation increase and the maximum potential evaporation decrease.The results showed that the cold wet occurred in the 1960s and the warm wett in the 1990s.

Key words: surface humid index, climatic change, the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River over Tibet