关键词: 海岸湿地, 围垦, 可持续利用, 江苏王港

Abstract: Wetlands are found in vegetated lowland areas,with depressions in landscape,between water and dry land along the edges of streams,rivers,lakes and coastlines.Coastal wetlands contain rich values in ecosystem goods and services they are habitats for many birds and unique halophyte flora,sustaining the productivity of estuarine and tidal flat ecosystems and representing important nutrient sinks.Both directly and indirectly,they support large,often rapidly growing,human populations in coastal hinterlands.As one of the most typical areas of coastal wetland evolution,the wetland area at Wanggang is being reduced and the ecological environment is degrading,in response to reclamation of the coastal wetlands.Some 74.1km² of wetlands at Wanggang have been reclaimed since the 1970s,and the main type of salt marsh vegetation remained was Spartina alterniflora,which was introduced into the Wanggang coastal area in the early 1990s for the purpose of coastal protection and accretion.Field observations show that a large number of aves and gray-cranes were forced to migrate and some part of new dikes was subjected to erosion due to intense reclamation of salt marshes.In order to achieve sustainable utilization of the wetland resources,it is necessary to change the utilization pattern of the wetland resources,adopting a scientific strategy of development that favors a healthy ecological environment.For instance,development activities should be associated with reserve of scientific research,industry of flower and lawn production,eco-tourism of tidal wetlands,integrated silvopastoral system,integrated management of tidal salt marshes,and the establishment of a legislation system.

Key words: coastal wetlands, reclamation, sustainable utilization, Wanggang(Jiangsu provin-ce)