自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 797-805.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2005.06.001

• 资源利用 •    下一篇

自然资源合理利用与经济可持续发展

谭荣, 曲福田   

  1. 南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心, 南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2005-04-20 修回日期:2005-08-11 出版日期:2005-12-25 发布日期:2005-12-25
  • 作者简介:谭荣(1981-),男,江苏宿迁人,博士研究生,研究方向为资源经济学与可持续发展.
  • 基金资助:

    国际科技合作计划重点项目(2004CB720401);国家杰出青年科学基金(70425002)

How to Harmonize the Contradiction between the Utilization of Natural Resources and the Sustainable Development of Economy

TAN Rong, QU Fu-tian   

  1. China Center for Land Policy Research, Nanjing Agricultaral University, Nanjing 210095, China
  • Received:2005-04-20 Revised:2005-08-11 Online:2005-12-25 Published:2005-12-25

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169 | 14

摘要： 论文从理论上区分自然资源在经济发展过程中的代价性损失、市场失灵导致的过度性损失I和政府失灵导致的过度性损失II开始,分析了合理利用资源的度就是保证资源利用在代价性损失范围以内。然后从计算是否存在过度性损失入手,间接衡量了合理利用资源的度,进而判断资源利用是否符合代价性损失的标准。其中,分别以森林资源和土地资源为例,讨论了计算过度性损失I和II的方法,测算了S市某林场的过度性损失I和中国1989至1996和1999至2002年间的农地非农化的过度性损失II。结果显示,随着碳价格的变化,所研究林场的过度性损失I(提前砍伐年数)从0年增加到12年,社会净损失也从0增加到9954元h/m2。中国在两阶段内农地非农化过度性损失II共计596548hm2,占这两阶段农地非农化总数量的37.33%。文章最后提供了协调自然资源利用与经济可持续发展的途径。

关键词: 自然资源, 经济发展, 代价性损失, 过度性损失, 市场失灵, 政府失灵

Abstract: This paper analyzes the expense loss and the excessive loss of the utilization of natu-ral resources during the development of economy in theory,which the expense loss is caused by the need of the economy growth,while the excessive loss I is caused by the market failure and excessive loss II is caused by the government failure.It finds out that the reasonable utilization of natural resources should be below the expense loss.In order to measure the expense loss in an indirect way,this paper computes the excessive losses I and II,which illustrated separately by computing the forestry excessive loss I for the market failure in S city and computing the farmland conversion excessive loss II for government failure in China from 1989 to 1996 and 1999 to 2002 respectively.The method used to calculate the excessive loss I in the forestry case is a quantitative model for forestry management,which includes the social benefit due to carbon sequestration of forest,and the result shows the optimal harvesting age excluding social benefit is 19 years.When social benefit is included the optimal harvesting age increases from 19 to 31 years for a carbon price from 0 yuan/t to 1 000 yuan/t.The method used to calculate the excessive loss II in farmland conversion case is a production function including a new variable to measure the land market freedom affected by the government intervention.The result shows that the excessive loss II of farmland conversion in China is 596 548 ha in 1989-1996 and 1999-2002,which is 37.33% of the total conversion amount.The excessive loss in East region is more serious than that of Central and West,in which the former is 2.55 and 1.99 times to the latter respectively in the proportion,and 4.80 and 6.22 times respectively in the absolute amount.It then identifies the methods to compute the excessive loss of utilization of natural resources.Finally it discusses the ways to harmonize the contradiction between the utilization of natural resources and the sustainable development of economy,which require the reform of government administration to the resources and building up a complete market system.

Key words: natural resources, economic development, expense loss, excessive loss, market failu-re, government failure

中图分类号: 

  • F061.3