自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 621-627.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2005.04.019

• 研究方法与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

太湖渔业环境优化技术初探

费志良1,3, 周刚1, 程建新2   

  1. 1. 江苏省淡水水产研究所, 南京 210017;
    2. 江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会, 江苏苏州 215004;
    3. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210097
  • 收稿日期:2004-11-03 修回日期:2005-03-18 出版日期:2005-08-25 发布日期:2005-08-25
  • 作者简介:费志良(1962~),男,江苏常州人,研究员,主要从事水域环境生态及生态渔业研究.
  • 基金资助:

    江苏省重点科技攻关项目(BE2001386);江苏省水产三项更新工程项目(PJ2001-06)资助.

Preliminary Study on Optimization Technology of Fisheries Environment in Taihu Lake

FEI Zhi-liang1,3, ZHOU Gang1, CHENG Jian-xin2   

  1. 1. Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China;
    2. Taihu Lake Fisheries Management Committee of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215004, China;
    3. College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
  • Received:2004-11-03 Revised:2005-03-18 Online:2005-08-25 Published:2005-08-25

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3

摘要： 根据对东太湖养殖区主要水化学指标进行的跟踪监测结果,系统分析研究了N、P等主要营养物质的变化趋势。结果显示,TP网围内的周年平均值为0.034mg/L,网围外周年平均值为0.042mg/L,TN网内周年平均值为0.72mg/L,网外周年平均值为0.73mg/L。并依据试验及监测结果,估算了太湖养殖渔业对水体的营养贡献份额(N、P),现有养殖状况每年通过水产品可带出湖中19.51tN和6.62tP。通过调整、优化养殖模式,大力推广应用轮牧式网围养殖,大幅降低放养量,合理搭配滤食性鱼类,在养殖区普及种植太湖优势水生植物,移植本湖底栖动物,利用水生植物和底栖动物既可有效净化养殖环境,又能作为养殖对象的适口饲料这种作用和功能,同时充分利用湖区低值鱼资源作为河蟹的饲料,最终将水草、螺、低值鱼等转化成水产品,并通过水产品的形式将营养物质带出湖区,从而达到优化改善渔业环境的目的。

关键词: 渔业环境, 优化, 轮牧式网围养殖, 太湖

Abstract: This paper systematically analyses and studies the changing tendency of the main nutrients such as N,P in East Taihu Lake culture area on the basis of the result of following the tracks to the major hydrochemistry index.The results show that the annual average total phosphorus of in-net-enclosure and out-net-enclosure is 0.034mg/L and 0.042mg/L respective-ly,and the annual average total nitrogen is 0.72mg/L and 0.73mg/L respectively.The paper also estimates the contribution portions of Taihu Lake culture fisheries to the water body nutrition according to the parallel experimental results.The aquatic product can bring out 19.51t N and 6.62t P of the laket hrough this culture modes.By culture model optimization and regulation,we energetically spread and applied net enclosure culture of rotation grazing type,hence greatly reducing the number of juvenile crabs,arranging in pairs or groups with some silver carps or bighead carps,disseminating and planting the predominant hydrophytes,and transplanting the bottom-dwell animals of the Taihu Lake.The function of this culture mode is to use hydrophytes and bottom-dwell animals to depurate the culture environment,to feed the culture animals as the suitable feedstuff,to use the lower price fish as the feedstuff of the crabs,and finally to change the water vascular bundle grass snail and lower price fish into aquatic high price products.By means of the aquatic products,the nutrimental material can be brought out of the lake body,and the goal of optimizing the fishery environment can be realized.

Key words: fisheries environment, optimization, rotation graxing type of net enclosure culture, Taihu Lake

中图分类号: 

  • S964.4