自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 613-620.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2005.04.018

• 研究方法与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

向海湿地动态变化及其影响因素分析

张洪岩1,2, 龙恩1,2, 程维明2   

  1. 1. 东北师范大学国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 长春 130024;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2004-11-03 修回日期:2005-01-25 出版日期:2005-08-25 发布日期:2005-08-25
  • 作者简介:张洪岩(1965~),男,吉林省安图县人,教授,主要从事地理信息科学和地学信息图谱方面的研究.E-mail:zhy@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(湿地卫星遥感信息的提取与应用50139020-5-2).

Research on Dynamic Change and Effect Factors of Xianghai Wetland

ZHANG Hong-yan1,2, LONG En1,2, CHENG Wei-ming2   

  1. 1. State Key Lab for Environmental Protection, Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Normal University Northeast, Changchun 130024, China;
    2. State Key Lab of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2004-11-03 Revised:2005-01-25 Online:2005-08-25 Published:2005-08-25

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摘要： 向海湿地以保护国家级珍稀鸟类及其栖息繁殖生境为主要目的,属我国内陆湿地与水域生态系统类型的国家级重点湿地保护区。论文借助遥感与地理信息系统等先进技术,利用多个时期不同分辨率的卫星数据,得出过去20年来不同时期向海湿地的各类信息,并定量分析了其变化特征;利用向海湿地周围5个气象测站的气象资料以及通榆县的人口、耕地和牲畜存栏数等资料。研究表明,过去20年来,向海地区年降雨量与遥感数据提取的湿地面积之间存在同步关系,年降雨量明显减少,而通榆县的人口、耕地和牲畜存栏数持续增加,导致湿地面积减少。气候变化和人类活动是导致向海湿地环境变化的主要原因。

关键词: 向海湿地, 遥感, 地理信息系统, 动态变化

Abstract: The Xianghai Natural Reserve is one of the most important natural reserves in China,located in the northwest of Jining province,Northeast China.It is of great biological,economic,social and cultural significance.With climate change and human over-activities,the water area of the wetland is descending quickly,hence the reserve is faced with threat of saline-alkalization and drying up.In this paper,based on the technologies of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System,landsat imageries of different periods,rainfall data of five metrological stations,population,farmland and livestock data of Tongyu County from statistical yearbooks are used to quantitatively analyze dynamic change and evolution of the wetland over the last 15 years. The results show:(1)that the total area of the wetland decreased from 500km2 to 422km2,and salty swamp enhanced from 127km2 to 204km2 between 1988 and 2002,the obvious change is shrinkage and disappearance of small ponds around Xianghai reservoir,and original swamp vegetation types are being replaced by salty meadow or grass types.(2)There are complementary relations among pure water,swamp and salt marsh according to annual rainfall amount,when area of pure water increases,the other two types will decrease and vice versa.But the salt marsh possesses an increasing tendency,whose area has expanded from 119km2 to 204km2 since 1998,indicating that the environment of the wetland is degenerating.(3)Since 1981,the rainfall amount has decreased continually(except 1998),and there is obvious synchronous relationship between rainfall and area of the wetland.The growth of population,increase of farmland and livestock need lots of water,which lead to over-grazing and desertification. So,the main reasons for the degeneration for the wetland are the degenerating regional en-vironment,rising temperature,too much population and human over-using water resources.In the future,lots of materials,such as surface runoff data,and regional NDVI data etc.,must be collected to farther analyze and research dynamic change,the effect of regional climate change on the wetland,the function of the wetland to the surrounding environment,thus better method or suggestions can be put forward to continually protect Xianghai Wetland.

Key words: Xianghai Wetland, remote sensing, geographical information system, dynamic change