自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 514-521.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2005.04.006

• 资源生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑河流域草地承载力研究

张慧1, 沈渭寿1, 王延松2, 邹长新1   

  1. 1. 国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所荒漠化研究中心, 南京 210042;
    2. 辽宁省环境科学研究院, 沈阳 110031
  • 收稿日期:2004-11-02 修回日期:2005-01-26 出版日期:2005-08-25 发布日期:2005-08-25
  • 作者简介:张慧(1968~),女,河南开封人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事生态承载力及生态安全、;6+和$+技术应 用、景观评价、景观规划等方面的研究.E-mail:zhnies@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    科技部社会公益专项资金项目(2001DIB10071).

Study on Grassland Grazing Capacity in the Heihe River Basin

ZHANG Hui1, SHEN Wei-shou1, WANG Yan-song2, ZOU Chang-xin1   

  1. 1. State Environmental Protection Administration and Desertification Research Center, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China;
    2. Liaoning Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110031, China
  • Received:2004-11-02 Revised:2005-01-26 Online:2005-08-25 Published:2005-08-25

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89 | 15

摘要： 应用RS和GIS技术,从研究区植被类型、土壤侵蚀、坡度、距水源距离、生物多样性和生态系统保护等方面,确定了黑河流域不适合和适合放牧的区域。在适合放牧的区域,根据草地类型估测产草量。在牧草分配方面,从避免土壤侵蚀和遭遇干旱时保证植被群落弹性和再生的需要以及满足昆虫和土壤无脊椎动物及野生动物需要两个方面考虑了满足生态需要的牧草生物量。在确定放牧强度时,从坡度和距离水源远近两个方面考虑了载畜量的减少比例。在此基础上,计算出满足生态保护需要的草地承载力。研究结果表明,黑河流域适合放牧的区域仅占总面积的17.693%,在适合放牧的区域,天然草地的承载力为0.009～2.055只羊单位/hm2。

关键词: 黑河流域, 草地承载力, 遥感, 地理信息系统

Abstract: Using RS & GIS techniques,the areas suitable for livestock grazing in the Heihe River Basin were identified based on natural conditions such as vegetation types,soil erosion,slope,distance to water,as well as the need of conservation for biological diversity and ecosystem.In those areas suitable for livestock grazing,the forage production was estimated for each individual grassland type based on the past surveys.The allotments of forage for ecological needs were taken into account from following two aspects.The first aspect includes the allotments of forage for soil resistance to erosion,ensuring plant community resilience and regeneration under drought season.The second aspect includes those for insects,nematodes,wildlife habitat needs.Reductions in grazing capacity are adjusted by distance to water and slope. On the above bases,the grassland grazing capacity that meets the ecological needs in the Heihe River Basin is calculated.The study indicates that the area of capability and suitability for livestock grazing is 17.693% of the total land area and natural grassland grazing capacity is at the ranges from 0.009 to 2.055 sheep/hm2.

Key words: the Heihe River Basin, grassland grazing capacity, Remote Sensing(RS), Geog-raphic Information System (GIS)

中图分类号: 

  • S812