关键词: 世界, 中国, 水土流失与防治, 黑土区, 比较分析

Abstract: In this paper the conceptions of the black soil and the black soil reg ion have been clarified.We have zoned the black soil area into the typical black soil region and the black soil region in China.The three black soil regions in the world have been compared in terms of the soil,forming condition,the process of exploitation and utilization,and the soil erosion and the soil and water cons ervation.Although there are some similarities in natural conditions in the three black soil regions,the black soil in China is prone to be eroded for its undula ting relief.The large,scale land reclamation and the unreasonable farming practi ces are the prime reasons to cause soil erosion and the soil degradation in the three black soil regions.Most of soil erosion taking place in the black soil reg ion of China is water erosion,but the wind erosion dominates in the other black soil regions in the world.Comparing with the other black soil regions in the wor ld,the black soil region in China is still lagging behind in some aspects in soi l and water conservation,such as cropping system, land use policy,funds invested ,propaganda and education and scientific experiment in soil erosion control.The disadvantages in the control of soil erosion and water loss in China's black soi l region are identified through comparing with soil and water conservation measu res conducted in the other black soil regions in the world.Problems that have to be settled urgently in soil erosion control in the black soil region of China a re proposed.

Key words: soil erosion and control, black soil region, comparison, China, world