自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 378-386.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2005.03.009

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国、美国、摩洛哥磷矿资源优势及开发战略比较分析

张卫峰1, 马文奇2, 张福锁1, 马骥3   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院中化化肥农大研发中心, 北京 100094;
    2. 河北农业大学资源与环境学院, 河北保定 071001;
    3. 中国农业大学经济管理学院, 北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2004-09-25 修回日期:2005-01-04 出版日期:2005-06-25 发布日期:2005-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 张福锁:E-mail:zhangfs@cau.edu.cn E-mail:zhangfs@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张卫峰(1978～),甘肃省正宁县人,博士研究生.
  • 基金资助:

    农业部“948”项目(2003-Z53)商务部产业损害调查局磷肥产业国际竞争力研究项目

Comparative Analysis of the Superiority of China's Phosphate Rock and Development Strategies with that of the United States and Morocco

ZHANG Wei-feng1, MA Wen-qi2, ZHANG Fu-suo1, MA Ji3   

  1. 1. SINOCHEM,CAU fertilizer R&D Center,College of Resources and Environment Scien ce, China Agriculture University,Beijing 100094,China;
    2. College of Resources an d Environment Science,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001, China;
    3. College of economy and management,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100094,China
  • Received:2004-09-25 Revised:2005-01-04 Online:2005-06-25 Published:2005-06-25

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270 | 31

摘要： 从资源保护和优化利用的角度出发,比较了中国、美国、摩洛哥三国磷矿石的储量、品位、重金属含量、矿产集中度、运输距离等,发现摩洛哥磷矿资源具有极强的优势,而美国资源也要优于中国。在比较了矿产开发规模、回采率、产量、成本、可利用年度等指标后,发现美国与摩洛哥各有优劣,而中国明显落后。根据磷肥生产量估算,2003年中国磷矿实际消耗量达到10558×104t标矿。根据现有开采水平和消费量估算,世界磷矿可以满足100年内的需求,但是中国P2O5≥30%的富矿资源仅能利用到2014年,提高回采率可能会达到2022年。中国磷矿资源开发策略欠佳,浪费严重、经济效益低下,导致远景供应堪忧。针对以上问题,提出了我国磷矿资源合理利用的若干建议。

关键词: 中国, 美国, 摩洛哥, 磷矿石, 比较, 策略

Abstract: Focusing on protecting the resource and enhancing its utilization, thi s article compared the reserves,grade,heavy metal content,centralization degree of reserves and transport distance of the phosphate rocks in China,USA and Moroc co.It is found out that Moroccan phosphate rock resources have extremely strong advantages,and the American resources are also superior to China.Comparsons of t he mineral production scale,recovery rate,production,cost and sustainable utiliz ing years revealed that USA and Morocco were superior in these aspects to China. It was estimated that the phosphate rock production in China had exceeded 40 mil lion tons (47.2 million tones in 2003) according to the phosphorus fertilizer pr oduction,which was the highest in the world.If the recovery rate was considered, more than 100 million tons might be exploited in 2003.That means 58.4 million to ns of phosphate rock were wasted.The phosphate rock all over the world can meet the demand of 100 years,but in China if no measures were taken to improve the te chnology of mining and to cut down the wastage,the phosphate rock which contains more than 30% of P2O5 would be used up in 2014.However,if the recovery rate was improved,it can last to 2022.With the exhaustion of the phosphate rock 20～30 y ears later in USA and China,Morocco will become the biggest phosphate supply cou ntry in the world.Despite the advantage of the heavy metal,i.e.,the low cadmium content,China's phosphate rocks are facing a gloomy future for its low,efficienc y utilization strategy. To the above question,this article has proposed several suggestions for the rational utilization of the phosphate rock resource in China .

Key words: China, the United States, Morocco, phosphate rock, comparison, strategy

中图分类号: 

  • TD8